Studied by 11 people
In what case did the supreme court rule that segregated schools were unconstitutional?
Brown vs Board of education
Under what amendment did the desegregation of schools fall under?
14th Amendment
What was proof of the lack of cooperation shown by the south to support desegregation?
Shutting of the NAACP in Alabama, resistance in virginia and arkansas, the legislative investigation committees in Florida
Give an example of violence shown by white people in february 1956
Autherine Lucy was thrown out of university for her “safety” after rallies were held against her
What did Autherine Lucy sue for?
That mob rule was overturning the law
Who was a prominent member of the NAACP legal defence fund during the Autherine Lucy case?
Thurgood Marshall
What was the verdict of Autherine Lucy’s case?
She won
What happened to Lucy when she returned to school after she won the case ?
She was thrown out anyways
Why was Lucy thrown out of the university?
For saying they used the mobs to keep her out of the university
How did the ending of the Lucy case impact white segregationists?
It seemed to them if they used violence they could keep black kids in black schools without the federal government stepping in
What did Eisenhower only mention during his speech about education?
Only spoke about extremists on both sides
What was the fear of Eisenhower and the rest of America?
That school integration was happening too far, too fast.
What was the first attempt to desegregate high schools in the south
Little Rock, Arkansas
When was the first attempt to desegregate schools in the south?
1957
Why did the NAACP choose little rock to attempt desegregation for the first time?
moderately southern state moderately southern city, successful bus and university desegregation in 1956
Who was the publisher of the Arkansas Free Press?
L.C. Bates
How many students went to Little Rock Central High School?
9
Who was the governor of Arkansas?
Orval Faubus
Why was Orval Faubus suddenly so pro-segregation?
He needed to win the segregationists vote if he wanted to be re-elected
What did Faubus decide to do regarding the school before the 1st day of school?
deployed units of the National guard to protect the school
According to Faubus what was the aim of implementing National guards around the school? '
To maintain “the peace and good order of this community”
What information did the National Guard receive?
they should only let white kids in
Why was the decision of the National Guard to only let in white students so controversial?
As they were state troop going against federal law
Why were the nine selected?
They were very bright
What was the expectation going into the school?
That they would face some harrassement but not too much trouble
What showed the public rage of black kids being let into white school?
People from other states came to protest their integration
What is the name of the student that didn’t receive the message of the meeting point and had to enter alone?
Elizabeth Eckford
What is the name of the student shouting “lynch her! lynch her!” to Elizabeth Eckford?
Hazel Bryan
What was the response by the NAACP and the parents of the Little Rock Nine after the first day school?
They went back to court
Who was the leader of the national state organisation?
Daisy Bates
What was the main concern of the NAACP when it came to any trial?
The involvement of the federal government, and if it would assert it’s authority
What was the result from the government following the events of little rock and the actions of Faubus?
Eisenhower called for a meeting in Rhode Island to make Faubus integrate the 9 black kids
What did Faubus do to get around the federal law of integration?
He removed the National guard and employed a handful of police officers
How did the Little Rock 9 enter the building?
From the side to avoid the mob
How were the black press treated during the entrance of the little rock 9 through the side of the building?
They were attacked as the mob thought they were a decoy
How was Alex Wilson, a member of the black press, treated?
He was smacked in the head by a brick
What was a suggestion made by the police to get the kids out?
They should let them lynch one of the kids
Eventually, how did the Little Rock 9 escape the building?
They escaped in two police cars
How did President Eisenhower react to the second mob?
He sent in the paratroopers of the 101st airborne divison
What did Eisenhower say Little Rock had to do to get the paratroopers out?
Obide by federal law
How did Faubus reacted to the influx of paratroopers?
He states they became an “occupied territory”
Who did the students blame for other student’s reaction to the black kids entering the school?
Their parents
Which of the black students snapped back at some of the hastling white students?
Minnie Jean Brown
What did Minnie Jean Brown do?
She threw chili on a white guy’s head
What happened to Minnie Jean following the chili incident?
She was kicked out of school
How many of the nine black students graduated?
1 - Ernest Green
What happened to Ernest Green at graduation?
No one clapped and none of his accomplishments were named
After the first year of integration, what did Faubus do?
He closed down all of Little Rock’s schools to fight integration
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