Psychologists

Wilhelm Wundt

Father of psychology; founder of modern psychology; opened first psychology lab in 1879; German; mainly used the method of structuralism.

William James

First American psychologist; author of first psychology textbook; founder of functionalism.

Sigmund Freud

Founder of psycho-analytic perspective; believed that abnormal behavior originated from unconscious drives and conflicts.

Sir Francis Galton

Concluded that genius and greatness are inherited; invented procedures for testing abilities which led to the modern IQ test; British.

Ivan Pavlov

Russian psychologist; studied learning through animals; emphasized observable behaviors.

John Watson

Founder of behaviorism; studied only observable and objectively described acts; focused on learned behavior; American.

B.F. Skinner

Behaviorist; focused on learning through rewards and observation; American.

E.B. Titchener

Founder of structuralism; analyzed intensity, clarity, and quality of the parts of consciousness; British.

Maslow & Rogers

Humanistic beliefs; humans are not controlled by rewards and punishment; started "group therapy"; Americans.

Jean Piaget

Studied cognitive development; focused on how children develop thinking abilities; Swiss.