Notes for ap hug unit 3 (rest of notes in the beginning r on paper)

Material Culture

Physical items that a society or culture holds value to.

Non-Material Culture

Beliefs and practices; intangible aspects formed by society and individuals.

Cultural Relativism

The practice of evaluating a culture by its own standards, avoiding judgment.

Ethnocentrism

Viewing another culture through the lens of one's own culture, potentially leading to xenophobia.

Folk Culture

Homogeneous culture that focuses on family, community, and religion, often transmitted through relocation diffusion.

Modern Culture

Culture found in more developed countries, characterized by diversity and hierarchical diffusion.

Sequent Occupancy

How different cultures have left their mark on a geographic location over time.

Land Use Patterns

Change in land usage that showcases the values of a society, such as agricultural, industrial, commercial, residential, recreational, and transportation.

Diffusion

The spread of cultural elements, including items, groups, or phenomena from one place to another.

Expansion Diffusion

Diffusion where the hearth remains strong while the items spread outward.

Contagious Diffusion

Cultural traits spread rapidly from person to person without barriers.

Acculturation

When a culture adopts traits from another culture while retaining its own.

Assimilation

When a minority culture loses its unique traits and adopts the dominant culture.

Cultural Divergence

When individuals become separated from aspects of their culture due to distance or new ideas.

Cultural Convergence

When different cultures merge to form a unified mass culture.

Protolanguage

The hypothesized earlier form of a language before it has written records.

Language Family

A group of languages that share a common ancestry.

Dialect

Regional variations in a language, involving differences in pronunciation.

Isogloss

A boundary defined based on linguistic differences.

Universalizing Religions

Religions that seek to spread and gain as many followers as possible.

Ethnic Religions

Religions that typically do not seek converts and are tied to specific locations.

Syncretism

The blending of two or more cultures or belief systems while remaining distinct.

Multiculturalism

An environment encompassing a diversity of different cultures.

Cultural Resistance

Pushback against new traits introduced to a society due to fear of losing one's way of life.