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What is the definition of politics according to American political science?

Politics involves power, things, and methods, and includes conflicts and compromises in cases and policies.

What are institutions in American politics?

Institutions are established rules that structure social and political interactions, such as Congress, courts, and the presidency.

What is the collective action challenge?

The challenge of coordinating efforts among individuals to achieve a common goal.

What is the free-rider problem?

Individuals benefit from resources without contributing to their provision.

What is the difference between government and authority?

Government refers to institutions and processes guiding policy decisions, while authority is the right to make decisions and enforce laws.

What distinguishes direct democracy from representative government?

Direct democracy involves citizens making decisions directly, whereas representative government has elected officials making decisions on behalf of the people.

What is constitutionalism?

A system based on fundamental principles that limit government power.

What are public goods?

Services provided by the government that individuals cannot easily provide themselves, such as roads and defense.

What was Shays’ Rebellion?

A rebellion led by Daniel Shays in 1786-1787 that protested debt and taxation, demonstrating the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

What significant outcome came from the Constitutional Convention of 1787?

The drafting of a new constitution to address the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

What was the Great Compromise?

It created a bicameral Congress with representation based on population in the House and equal representation in the Senate.

What was the Three-Fifths Compromise?

An agreement that enslaved people would count as three-fifths of a person for representation and taxation.

What is the Supremacy Clause?

It establishes that federal law takes precedence over state laws.

What did the Federalists advocate for?

A strong central government.

What is the role of political parties in elections?

Political parties organize elections, connect voters to government, and develop policy platforms.

What is dual federalism?

A system where there is a clear separation of national and state responsibilities.

What are political action committees (PACs)?

Organizations that fundraise and donate to political candidates to influence elections and legislation.

What is the legislative process in Congress?

It includes bill introduction, committee review, floor debate, conference committees, and presidential action.

What challenges does Congress face in the legislative process?

Partisan gridlock, filibusters, lobbying influence, and funding constraints.

What is the role of bureaucracy in government?

Bureaucratic agencies implement laws and policies and ensure consistency in governance.

How are California's legislative processes unique?

California allows referendums, initiatives, and recalls, and operates with a bicameral legislature.