Studied by 9 peopleattribution theory
a person’s behavior can either be indicative of that person’s personality or be indicative of the person’s situation
dispositional attribution
when a person blames or credits another person’s internal characteristics for the behavior
situational attribution
when a person blames or credits that situation for causing the behavior
fundamental attribution error
when people look at situation they overestimate the importance of people
actor-observer bias
which is the tendency to attribute one’s own actions to external causes while attributing other people’s behaviors to internal causes
self serving bias
take more credit for good, less for bad
just world bias
bad things happen to bad people, vice versa - world is fair
false consensus effect
tendency to overestimate the number of people agreeing with them
halo effect
when a person interprets the actions and information from another person in a favorable way
self fulfilling prophecy
when a person’s belief leads to its fulfillment. expectations → behavior
cognitive dissonance theory
a person’s behavior and attitude should be aligned
elaboration likelihood model
explains how people are persuaded
central route to persuasion
arguments that focus on facts and logic
peripheral route to persuasion
arguments that focus on emotions and reactions - quick decisions
chameleon effect
looks at people’s tendency to mimic other people’s bodily movements, expressions, and gestures in social situations
social contagion
refers to the spreading of behaviors and attitudes through social circles or crowds
normative social influence
when an individual wants to fit into a particular group, here the individual will conform to the group at large in order to fit in
informational social influence
when an individual conforms to what others are doing because they might be more knowledgeable. the individual assumes that the other must know more so the conform
social facilitation
when a group of people are together they start to perform better
social inhinition
when an individual changes their behaviors, comments, and/or personality to better match the social setting in which they are in
deindividuation
doing things that you wouldn’t do individually because group allows you anonymity
group polarization
when people’s opinions, thoughts, and/or actions become more extreme in a group setting
bystander effect
idea that people are less likely to help someone else when they are in a larger group, the reason being because the individual responsibility has been spread out to the large
in group bias
tendency of an individual to give preferential treatment or look favorably at other individuals who are part of one’s own group
outgroup bias
the tendency of an individual to judge, use stereotypes, or harbors negative attitudes about other individuals who are part of another group
reciprocity norm
when one person does a positive or negative thing to another person and they do a similar action back
social norm
unwritten norms in society, excepted normal
social traps
when individuals are competing and they make certain choices that benefit them in the short run but reduce their long term benefit and utility
superordinate goal
this is a goal that supersedes other goals, here two or more individuals or groups work together to achieve a larger common goal
attitude
set of beliefs
mere exposure effect
more exposure means more liking
compliance strategies - foot-in-the-door
if they comply with a small request, they can comply with a larger one
compliance strategies - door-in-the-face
after the rejection of a large request, a smaller one will be easier to accept
stereotypes
ideas about members of a group
prejudice
undeserved attitude against certain people
discrimination
acts on prejudice
contact theory
suggests that contact between hostile groups can be reduced under a superordinate goal (Muzafer Sherif)
instrumental aggression
aggression to secure an end
hostile aggression
aggressive act with no purpose
pluralistic ignorance
what is appropriate by looking at others
self-disclosure
sharing a secret
Note
Flashcard