Aerobic Metabolism

Where is energy generated in the cell?

mitochondria

Which step produces the most ATP

electron transport chain

______ respiration uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor

aerobic

______ respiration includes glycolosis, adn krebs/tca/citric acid cycle

aerobic

_______ is the sum collection of reactions responsible for the generation of energy for cells. The use of this energy in combination with organic precursor molecules, to make more complicated molecules for the cell

metabolism

What is the one energy source our bodys have?

mitochondria

energy is stored and released from chemical bonds of

ATP

ATP

adenosine triphosphate

components of ATP

phosphate groups, ribose, and adenine (nitrogenous base)

ATP hydrolysis ____ energy stored in bonds

releases

cells couple _______ chemical reactions to use energy

opposing

anabolic

SMALL molecules are assembled into LARGE ones. energy is required

catabolic

LARGE molecules are broken down into SMALL ones. energy is released

anabolic

non-spontaneous and endergonic

catabolic

spontaneous and exergonic

what is gibbs free energy (G)

the energy available to do work

what form of energy is utilized by the cell

ATP

spontaneous and exergonic describe _____ reactions

catabolic

there is less potential energy at the start of ______ reactions

anabolic

all reactions in biological systems are considered to be _______ reactions

reversible

△G=GB-GA

△G=-1

△G=GA-GB

△G=1

△G in metabolism: reactions are ______

coupled

if the reaction is spontaneous or exergonic, △G is

less than 0, negative

if the reaction is non-spontaneous or endergonic, △G is

greater than 0, positive

components of energy

ATP + heat

cellular respiration includes

aerobic and anaerobic respiration

_______ respiration produces the most ATP

aerobic

oxidation is _____ of electrons

loss

reduction is ______ of electrons

gain

the most metabolic energy is produces by ________ reactions in the mitochondria

redox (oxidation/reduction)

main metabolic fuel

fats, carbs, proteins

direct results of cellular respiration

produces CO2 and uses O2

generation of ATP

controlled breakdown and release of energy

how is energy stored/distributed as it is released through the step wise process of cellular respiration

ATP

electron carriers

the potential energy at the end of cellular respiration is ______ compared to the begining of cellular respiration

lower

what would happen if hydrogen ions were not compartmentalized during the electron transport chain

little to no ATP would be generated

where does glycolosis take place

cytoplasm

what is produced from glycolysis

2 pyruvate, 4 ATP (net 2), 2NADH (electron carrier)

what is required for glycolysis

glucose, 2ATP, 2NAD+ (electron acceptor)

3 phases of glycolysis

phosphorylation, cleavage, and oxidation

where is pyruvate oxidation located

mitochondrial matrix (inside inner membrane)

what is needed for pyruvate oxidation

2 pyruvate, 2 NAD+, 2 coenzyme A

what is produced from pyruvate oxidation

2 acetyl-CoA, 2 NADH, 2 CO2

where does krebs cycle take place

mitochondrial matrix

what is needed for krebs cycle

2 acetyl-CoA, 2 ADP, 2 FADH, 6 NAD+

what is produced from krebs cycle

6 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 ATP, 4 CO2

another name for oxidative phosphorylation

electron transport chain

where is the electron transport chain located

inner mitochondrial membrane

what is needed for electron transport chain

reduced electron carriers (NADH, FADH2), O2

what is produced from electron transport chain

ATP, NAD+, FADH, H2O

gibbs free energy

the maximum amount of energy that can be obtained from a reaction at a constant temperature and pressure (kcal/mol)

structural difference between ATP and nucleotides

ATP has 2 OH groups

DNA nucleotide has 1 OH group

deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP)

used in replication to form DNA strands

the phosphate group in nucleotides and ATP are broken by ________

hydrolysis

DNA backbone is formed when ______ is lost on the nucleotide

phosphate group

metabolism

generation of energy for cells

________ has a lot of free energy

glucose

if glucose breaks down immediately, it will be released as _____ and we can’t harness any of the energy

heat

glucose → ?

CO2 + H2O

glucose bonds are _______ released so we can harness the energy

slowly

where is ATP generated

mitochondria

compartmentalization

different or opposing pathways are placed in different cellular compartments

what pathway is in the nucleus

DNA replication, synthesis of mRNA

what pathway is in the mitochondria

krebs cycle, fatty acid oxidation

what pathway is in the cytosol

glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis

the mitochondria has a ______ membrane

double