Clinical Chemistry Misc.

Where is creatinine kinase prodcued?

primarily in striated skeletal & cardiac muscle cells & to some extent in the brain

T/F Creatinine Kinase can determine which muscle is damaged or the severity

false

What are some types of artificial elevations?

bleach, EDTA citrate, fluoride, exposure to light, and delay in assay

What are cardiac troponins?

cTns - are proteins involved in regulating the initiation of skeletal muscle contraction

What can an increase in cardiac troponins indicate?

cardiac muscle damage - level of increase determines the damage

What does BNP stand for?

Brain Natriurectic Peptide

What is a brain natriuretic peptide?

hormone secreted by myocytes in response to volume expansion & increased wall stress of myocytes (stretching of the cardiac cells)

What is the function of BNP?

maintenance of blood pressure

What immunoassasys are helpful in detecting heart disease?

cTn and BNP

What can increase levels of BNP occur with?

increased ventricular filling pressure & may aid in the diagnosis of heart failure

What are lactic acids produced by?

produced by anaerobic cellular metabolism

What is lactate measured in?

plasma, peritoneal fluid, and CSF

paired samples of serum & peritoneal fluid can be helpful in _______ – ischemic bowel

equine colic disease

What is the major hormone released in animals?

cortisol

What does CHF trigger and then secrete?

triggers the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH

What tumors can cushing’s disease cause?

brain, pituitary, or adrenal tumor or overuse of glucorticoids

ACTH stimulation test is used in animals suspected with what diseases?

Addison’s disease and Cushing’s disease

ACTH screening test is __% accurate in dogs?

80%

ACTH screening test is __% accurate in cats?

50%

What type of dexamethasone suppression test do we use in cats?

high-dose dexamethasone suppression test

What does the thyroid hormone influence?

influences metabolic rate, growth, & differentiation of all body cells

Thyroid disease is primarily ______ in dogs, horses, ruminants, and swine.

hypofunction

What animals is TSH response used on?

small animals and horses (not cats)

T/F Gi diseases are common

true

How can we have a leakage of Creatine Kinase?

IM injections, persistent recumbency, surgery, vigorous exercise, electric shock, laceration, bruising, hypothermia

How does CK leak?

leaks out of damaged muscle into the blood

If we see a greater AST levels than ALT levels, and no CK levels what could this mean?

liver damage

If we see an increase in CK levels and AST levels is greater than ALT levels, what could this mean?

greater muscle damage

What is a myocyte?

muscle cell