exam 2 retroviruses

retroviruses

+sRNA env

RNA dependent DNA polymerase

HIV structure

spherical env

2 copies of +RNA genome

multi copies of reverse transcriptase

cellular transfer RNA

HIV replication

co-receptor CCR5 binds to gp120 and gp41 on CD4

RNA -> DNA

integrase incorps viral DNA into host chromosomes

genomic RNA and mRNA protein synth

HIV

dec CD4 T cells: damages innate immune response

infects other cells : macrophages, hematopoetic stem cells, -> reservoirs and distribution

HIV CD4 destruction causes

direct HIV-induced cytolysis

cytotoxic T-cells induce immune cytolysis

pyroptosis: inflammatory cell suicide; recruits more unactivated T-cells to be infected

HIV syndromes

AIDS: CD4 <200

wasting disease: lymphadenopathy and fever

opportunistic infections

malignancies

AIDS related dementia

HIV treatment goals

suppress HIV RNA

restore/preserve immunologic function

reduce HIV associated morbidity/mortality

prevent HIV transmission

treat HIV

requires 3+ agents: in one tablet

antiretrovirals: NRTI, NNRTI

fusion/entry inhibitors

integrase inhibitors

protease inhibitors

no cure -> life-long treatment