Mr. Ortiz Quiz 2nd Semester 2025

Questions I think will be more likely to be on the quiz have *important* next to them. Good luck!

How did Theodore Roosevelt become President?

President McKinley was shot on September 6, 1901 and he died 8 days later from gangrene.

What was Yellow Journalism? important

Exaggerated stories to push war cause in America, used by William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer.

What was the 1901 Hay-Pauncefote treaty?

Treaty between US and England which gave America rights to build a canal through Central America.

What was the Roosevelt Corollary? important

A statement added to the Monroe Doctrine which said the US would intervene in Latin America if Europe tried to have more influence there. Essentially Teddy was telling European powers to keep their hands off of Latin America and the Western Hemisphere. The US were the police of Latin America.

What was Roosevelt’s saying when dealing with diplomacy?

“Walk softly but carry a big stick.”

What was Roosevelt’s Square Deal Policy? important

Everyone involved in dealings would be treated equally and fairly. Businesses, the poor, and the working classes needs would all be balanced and met in society by the government. Essentially no matter what your role in society was Roosevelt would treat you equally with anyone else.

What were some positive things Roosevelt did as President?

Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act, Newlands Reclamation Act, creating the Forest service, etc. He helped the environment and encouraged the protection of consumers (citizens).

What was the Progressive Era?

Period from 1896-1917 where social activism and political reform aimed at defeating corruption, monopolies, waste and inefficiency was widespread across the United States

What were the five major reforms of the Progressive Era?

1. Direct primary elections where voters of each party, not political insiders, could elect the candidate they wanted to run for office in the next election

2. Direct election of Senators under the 17th Amendment passed in April 1913

3. Initiative, which meant any citizen or organization could gather a certain amount of citizen’s signatures to place a measure that they wanted passed onto the voting ballot

4. Referendum, which was when a petition is placed on the ballot for voter to agree to pass or not to pass

5. Recall, which is the process where citizens of the state can remove elected official from holding political office before their term is over

Why was Woodrow WIlson able to be elected, when the Republican party had previously been so strong?

After President Taft failed to lower tariffs and actually raised some, the public and Roosevelt was outraged. Roosevelt constantly insulted him and split Republican votes, so Wilson had an easy victory.

What was the Mann Act of 1910?

Ended “white slavery” and banned interstate and international transport of women for immoral acts (prostitution). Though it looked to end human trafficking it really was an excuse for more racism and corruption to rise up.

What was the Federal Reserve Act?

Created the Federal reserve board and 12 regional banks to operate the nations banking system.

What acts did WIlson pass in 1917?

Selective Service Act which made all 18 year old males register for the draft, and he also ratified the 18th amendment which brought Prohibition (banning alcohol) to America.

What were the M.A.I.N reasons for World War 1? important

M-Militarism: vast build up of a country’s military

A-Alliances:agreements between countries, Europe was split into 2 alliances

I-Imperialism:the taking care of land to build one’s empire

N-Nationalism: ones pride and devotion to their country, this took on a negative view of other countries and people

(just know the 4 names, don’t need to memorize definitions)

What Battle of WW1 started trench warfare? important

Battle of Marne

What was the only naval battle of WW1? important

Battle of Jutland

What was the longest and deadliest Battle of WW1? important

Battle of Verdun

What battle had the single bloodiest day in WW1?

Battle of the Somme

Why did the Brusilov Offensive fail?

Russia simply ran out of resources, troops only had 5 bullets a week if lucky and they could not compete with the enemy armies that were much more supplied.

What were howitzers?

Artillery in tons. Insane amount of damage.

Difference between referendum and initiative. important

Initiatives start with the people and citizens draft the proposal and petition to add it to the ballot and vote on it. Referendums originate with the government and the legislature submits legislation to the people for approval.