UCSP

Kinship by blood

Descent and marriage (Unilineal, matrilineal, patrilineal, bilateral)

Unilineal decent

a system of determining descent groups in which one belongs to one's father's or mother's line,

Matrilineal descent

A system of lineage in which ancestry is traced through the mother's lineage.

Patrilineal descent

A system of lineage in which ancestry is traced through the father's lineage.

Bilateral

"bi" means "two" and lateralis means "belonging to the side.

Bilateral

It is also known as cognatic or ambilineal descent, and recognizes kinship ties through both the maternal and paternal lines.

Kinship by marriage-

Marriage rules cross-culturally (Monogamy vs. polygamy, post-marital residency rules, referred marriage, partners)

Marriage

Some arranged by families, and in others people choose their own husbands or wives if they decide to marry.

Marriage

Some places where marriage is limited to unions between a man and a woman, while more and more states and countries recognize marriage between same-sex couples too.

Monogamy

Refers to the marriage of one woman to one man at a time.

Serial Monogamy

if remarriage is allowed following divorce or death of a partner

Polygamy

The custom of having more than one legal spouse at the same time

Polygamy

POLYGYNY and POLYANDRY

POLYGYNY

man is married to more than one wife at a time.

POLYANDRY

when it is woman who is married to more than one spouse (husband) at a time

POST-MARITAL RESIDENCY RULES

Refer to the conventional rules or patterns of behavior concerning the place a married couple live after marriage

PATRILOCAL

the married couple's normal residence is with or near the husband's patrilineal kinsmen

MATRILOCAL

The married couple's normal residence is with or near the wife's patrilineal kinsmen

AVUNCULOCAL

The married couple's normal residence is with or near the maternal uncle (mother's brother) or the husband's other male matrilineal kinsmen

BILOCAL

The couple establishes its residence optionally with or near the parents of either spouse.

AMBILOCAL

The married couple shifts periodically from residence with husband's groups to residence with wife's

NEOLOCAL

The couple's normal residence is apart from the relatives of both spouses

DUOLOCAL

couple has no common household as the husband and the wife remain in their respective natal groups.

MATRI-PATRILOCAL

The newlyweds initially live with the wife's group for a short period, usually for one year or until the birth of the first child. Afterward, the couple's residence is shifted permanently to the husband's group

Kinship by ritual (Compadrazgo)

relationships that are established not through biological ties but through cultural or social ceremonies.

Fictive kinship

Individuals form a bond akin to the family through shared rituals or rites, such as godparenthood, adoption, or even religious and social ceremonies like baptism or weddings.

Family and the household

nuclear, extended, and the reconstituted families (separated, transnational)

Family

group of people living together and functioning as a single household, usually consisting of parents and their children

NUCLEAR FAMILY

pair of adults, and their offspring, regardless of the number, as nuclear family may have any number of children.

NUCLEAR FAMILY

Also called as conjugal family

EXTENDED FAMILY

Extends beyond the immediate family, the basic example of which is a married couple and his children that live with either the husband or the wife's parents.

RECONSTITUTED FAMILY

Formed by the joining of two adults through marriage, cohabitation, or civil partnership, in which either one or both of the adults have a child or children from a previous relationship living in their home

TRANSNATIONAL FAMILY

adopt separate living arrangement in two or more countries but retain close links with their homeland" and also called separated families

Politics of kinship

(political dynasty, alliances)

Politics of kinship

Influence of family ties, marriages, and close personal relationships in shaping political power and decision-making within a society

Political Dynasty

power is passed within a family across generations, often through elected or appointed positions.

Alliances in Politics of Kinship Alliances

powerful families to consolidate influence and power.

Alliances in Politics of Kinship Alliances

These alliances may be formalized through marriages or political agreements. In some cases, alliances can be formed for mutual benefit

Political Organization

Bands, Tribes, Chiefdom

Bands

smallest type of political organization, typically consisting of a few families or extended kin groups

Bands

They often have no formal leaders, and decisions are made through consensus or by informal leaders who have influence due to their skills or wisdom

Tribes

slightly larger than bands and may have several related bands.

Tribes

While they still lack centralized governments, they often have more formal leadership structures, such as chiefs or headmen

Chiefdoms

a form of hierarchical political organization that operates on a system of kinship and authority led by a chief.

States

centralized political entity with a defined territory, a permanent population, and a government capable of making and enforcing laws

Nations

Group of people who share common cultural characteristics, such as language, religion, and history, and may or may not have political sovereignty

Authority and Legitimacy

Traditional, Legitimacy, Charismatic, Rational

Traditional authority

traditional domination

Traditional authority

Person or organization has power or influence derived from long-standing customs, beliefs, or traditions.

Legitimacy

acceptance of authority as rightful or valid

Legitimacy

comes from people believing the system or leader has the right to rule because it has always been that way

Charismatic authority

Power legitimized based on a leader's exceptional personal qualities, or the demonstration of extraordinary insight and accomplishment, which inspire loyalty and obedience from followers

Rational

power based on established laws and rules, where leaders are recognized and accepted because they are elected or appointed according to legal procedures