APUSH 1930's New Deal

when did the stock market crash

october 29

describe the stock market crash (4)

- worldwide
- many left jobless and homeless
- banks fail
- prosperity is over

what were common after the stock market crash

soup and bread lines

what phrase was common after the stock market crash

"brother can you spare a dime?"

what were the causes of the stock market crash (5)

- over speculation (buying on credit/margin)
- over production
- imbalance of trade (Hawley-Smoot Tariff)
- farm problems
- problems in banking (Federal Reserve

what doesn't hoover believe in; what does he believe in instead

govt handouts or direct aid; volunteerism and "rugged individualism"

what did the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) do

give loans to banks and railroads

who were the bonus army

ww1 vets that wanted their "bonus"

what did the Bonus Army create in Washington

a "Hooverville"

what was the effect of the Bonus Army

it was a PR disaster for Hoover

what did the Stimson Doctrine say

the US will not recognize territory taken by force

who was the GOP candidate in the election of 1932

Herbert Hoover (incumbent)

what did some people blame Hoover for

some people blamed him for the SMC

what did Hoover's campaign say in the election of 1932 to put a positive spin on the situation

"it could have been worse"

who were the Dem president and VP candidates in the election of 1932

president: FDR
VP: Henry Wallace

what does FDR say he has while campaigning during the election of 1932

he says he has a "new experiment" called the New Deal

how does FDR talk about the New Deal

he is purposely vague on what the New Deal is

who does FDR say he cares about

the "forgotten man"

what do the Dems promise to do in the the election of 1932

they promise to repeal prohibition

who wins the the election of 1932

FDR (Dem)

how many states does Hoover win in the election of 1932

6

describe the relationship between Hoover and FDR after the election of 1932

there was tension between Hoover and FDR

what major shift occurred in the election of 1932

black voters voted for Dems instead of GOP

why did blacks typically vote for the GOP prior to the election of 1932

because the Dem were held responsible for the Civil War

how was FDR related to Teddy Roosevelt

they were 5th cousins

describe FDR's family

he was from a rich upstate NY family

describe FDR's political experience before becoming president (3)

- Gov. of NY
- Asst. Sec. of the Navy
- VP candidate on the losing ticket in election of 1920

describe FDR's personality

suave

what happened to FDR in 1921

he was struck by polio

how did polio impact FDR (2)

- he felt he no longer had a political future
- he became more humble and more empathetic

how was Eleanor Roosevelt related to TR

she was his niece

where did Eleanor Roosevelt start

she started in the settlement house movement

what was Eleanor Roosevelt called

the "Conscience of the New Deal"

describe Eleanor Roosevelt as a 1st lady

she was a very active first lady

what was Eleanor Roosevelt a crusader for

civil rights and the poor

who did Eleanor Roosevelt fight for

the oppressed

what was Eleanor Roosevelt's newspaper column called

"My Day"

what is the most well-known line from FDR's inauguration

"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself"

what were FDR's personal advisors called

his Brains Trust

describe the time period in which FDR took over (4)

- he took over at a difficult time
- high unemployment
- businesses closed
- banks in trouble

what % of the US population was unemployed in 1932

25%

what was the New Deal

programs to help get the US out of the depression and put people back to work

what was FDR's \#1 challenge as he took office

to fix the banks

what did FDR want to bring to the forgotten man

FDR wanted to "bring a decent standard of living to the forgotten man"

what did FDR expand the role of the govt to do

he expanded the role of the govt to provide jobs

what were the first 100 Days of FDR's presidency called; why

the 3rs; relief

what did the 20th amendment do

it shortened the time between election and inauguration; before the amendment

what is the 20th amendment called

the lame duck amendment

what did the 21st amendment do

repeal of prohibition

what were fireside chats

FDR reassured the people of America on the radio (no TV)

what did FDR do to the banks

he closed them for 3 days

what did the Glass-Steagall Act do (2)

- created the FDIC
- insured people's money in the bank

what did the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) do

put young men to work

what work did the CCC do

reforestation and flood control

what did the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) do

payed farmers not to farm in order to raise crop prices

what does the securities and exchange commission (SEC) do

monitors the stock market

what did the National Recovery Administration (NRA) do (3)

- established fair codes for labor
- est. max working hours
- est. minimum wages

what did the Wagner Act do

gave workers the right to organize

why was the NRA difficult to implement

because it took a great deal of self-sacrifice on the part of the business (businesses care more about profit)

what did the SC do to the NRA; why

the SC declared the NRA unconstitutional; they felt the executive branch was too involved in commerce

what did the Federal Housing Authority (FHA) do

gave loans out for homeowners

what did the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) do (3)

- gave electricity to rural areas
- controlled problems with erosion and flooding
- created jobs

to who and what type of assistance did the Social Security Act give (3)

- unemployment insurance
- old age pension
- help for the disabled

what was the Social Security Act an example of

direct relief

how did the GOP feel about the Social Security Act

they were upset with it (Hoover was anti direct-aid)

who was Frances Perkins (2)

- Secretary of Labor under FDR
- 1st woman in a cabinet position

who was Charles Coughlin

a critic of the New Deal

what was Charles Coughlin's radio show called

Social Justice

what did Charles Coughlin want

he wanted a guaranteed income and nationalized banking

who was Huey Long

a critic of the New Deal and a Louisiana politician

what was Huey Long's nickname

Kingfish

what was Huey Long's program called; what did it call for

- Share the Wealth
- Every man a king
- $5000 income to every family

who was Dr. Francis Townsend

a critic of the New Deal

what did Dr. Francis Townsend want; what did this lead to

he wanted to give everyone over the age of 60 $200 a month; the Social Security Act

what was the American Liberty League

a group that was a critic of the New Deal

what did the ALL say

the New Deal was too socialistic

who was the ALL led by

Al Smith

what did other critics of the New Deal fear

the rapid growth of the federal govt and the growing national debt

what decade was the Dust Bowl

1930s

what were the reasons for the Dust Bowl (3)

- drought
- erosion
- over farming

what happened to the land in the Dust Bowl

the land became un-farmable

who were Okies

people from Oklahoma

what did Okies do

they went W to California on Route 66 to look for jobs

what book did John Steinbeck write; what was it about

The Grapes of Wrath; it was about the Dust Bowl

what was the Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO)

a union of unskilled workers

who was the CIO led by

John L. Lewis

who were the candidates in the election of 1936

Dem: FDR
GOP: Alfred "Alf" Landon

where was Alfred "Alf" Landon from

Kansas

who won the election of 1936

FDR

what did FDR perceive the results of the 1936 election as; how did the SC feel about this

he perceived them as a mandate to continue the New Deal; they disagreed

what did FDR wants the SC to do

be more sympathetic to New Deal programs

what was FDR publicly critical of

the Supreme Court

describe the SC during FDR's second term

they are very old and very GOP

what was FDR's court packing scheme

he wanted to enlarge the SC and add up to 6 new judges

how was FDR's court packing scheme received; what did this do

it was unpopular; its unpopularity hurt the momentum of the New Deal

what did John Maynard Keynes advocate

"deficit spending" to stimulate growth

what is deficit spending also called

priming the pump

what did Adam Smith write

Wealth of Nations

what did Adam smith believe

an "invisible hand" controls business; the invisible hand is competition

describe movies in the 1930s

the 1930s was an important decade for movies