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when did the stock market crash
october 29
describe the stock market crash (4)
worldwide
many left jobless and homeless
banks fail
prosperity is over
what were common after the stock market crash
soup and bread lines
what phrase was common after the stock market crash
"brother can you spare a dime?"
what were the causes of the stock market crash (5)
over speculation (buying on credit/margin)
over production
imbalance of trade (Hawley-Smoot Tariff)
farm problems
problems in banking (Federal Reserve
what doesn't hoover believe in; what does he believe in instead
govt handouts or direct aid; volunteerism and "rugged individualism"
what did the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) do
give loans to banks and railroads
who were the bonus army
ww1 vets that wanted their "bonus"
what did the Bonus Army create in Washington
a "Hooverville"
what was the effect of the Bonus Army
it was a PR disaster for Hoover
what did the Stimson Doctrine say
the US will not recognize territory taken by force
who was the GOP candidate in the election of 1932
Herbert Hoover (incumbent)
what did some people blame Hoover for
some people blamed him for the SMC
what did Hoover's campaign say in the election of 1932 to put a positive spin on the situation
"it could have been worse"
who were the Dem president and VP candidates in the election of 1932
president: FDR VP: Henry Wallace
what does FDR say he has while campaigning during the election of 1932
he says he has a "new experiment" called the New Deal
how does FDR talk about the New Deal
he is purposely vague on what the New Deal is
who does FDR say he cares about
the "forgotten man"
what do the Dems promise to do in the the election of 1932
they promise to repeal prohibition
who wins the the election of 1932
FDR (Dem)
how many states does Hoover win in the election of 1932
6
describe the relationship between Hoover and FDR after the election of 1932
there was tension between Hoover and FDR
what major shift occurred in the election of 1932
black voters voted for Dems instead of GOP
why did blacks typically vote for the GOP prior to the election of 1932
because the Dem were held responsible for the Civil War
how was FDR related to Teddy Roosevelt
they were 5th cousins
describe FDR's family
he was from a rich upstate NY family
describe FDR's political experience before becoming president (3)
Gov. of NY
Asst. Sec. of the Navy
VP candidate on the losing ticket in election of 1920
describe FDR's personality
suave
what happened to FDR in 1921
he was struck by polio
how did polio impact FDR (2)
he felt he no longer had a political future
he became more humble and more empathetic
how was Eleanor Roosevelt related to TR
she was his niece
where did Eleanor Roosevelt start
she started in the settlement house movement
what was Eleanor Roosevelt called
the "Conscience of the New Deal"
describe Eleanor Roosevelt as a 1st lady
she was a very active first lady
what was Eleanor Roosevelt a crusader for
civil rights and the poor
who did Eleanor Roosevelt fight for
the oppressed
what was Eleanor Roosevelt's newspaper column called
"My Day"
what is the most well-known line from FDR's inauguration
"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself"
what were FDR's personal advisors called
his Brains Trust
describe the time period in which FDR took over (4)
he took over at a difficult time
high unemployment
businesses closed
banks in trouble
what % of the US population was unemployed in 1932
25%
what was the New Deal
programs to help get the US out of the depression and put people back to work
what was FDR's #1 challenge as he took office
to fix the banks
what did FDR want to bring to the forgotten man
FDR wanted to "bring a decent standard of living to the forgotten man"
what did FDR expand the role of the govt to do
he expanded the role of the govt to provide jobs
what were the first 100 Days of FDR's presidency called; why
the 3rs; relief
what did the 20th amendment do
it shortened the time between election and inauguration; before the amendment
what is the 20th amendment called
the lame duck amendment
what did the 21st amendment do
repeal of prohibition
what were fireside chats
FDR reassured the people of America on the radio (no TV)
what did FDR do to the banks
he closed them for 3 days
what did the Glass-Steagall Act do (2)
created the FDIC
insured people's money in the bank
what did the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) do
put young men to work
what work did the CCC do
reforestation and flood control
what did the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) do
payed farmers not to farm in order to raise crop prices
what does the securities and exchange commission (SEC) do
monitors the stock market
what did the National Recovery Administration (NRA) do (3)
established fair codes for labor
est. max working hours
est. minimum wages
what did the Wagner Act do
gave workers the right to organize
why was the NRA difficult to implement
because it took a great deal of self-sacrifice on the part of the business (businesses care more about profit)
what did the SC do to the NRA; why
the SC declared the NRA unconstitutional; they felt the executive branch was too involved in commerce
what did the Federal Housing Authority (FHA) do
gave loans out for homeowners
what did the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) do (3)
gave electricity to rural areas
controlled problems with erosion and flooding
created jobs
to who and what type of assistance did the Social Security Act give (3)
unemployment insurance
old age pension
help for the disabled
what was the Social Security Act an example of
direct relief
how did the GOP feel about the Social Security Act
they were upset with it (Hoover was anti direct-aid)
who was Frances Perkins (2)
Secretary of Labor under FDR
1st woman in a cabinet position
who was Charles Coughlin
a critic of the New Deal
what was Charles Coughlin's radio show called
Social Justice
what did Charles Coughlin want
he wanted a guaranteed income and nationalized banking
who was Huey Long
a critic of the New Deal and a Louisiana politician
what was Huey Long's nickname
Kingfish
what was Huey Long's program called; what did it call for
Share the Wealth
Every man a king
$5000 income to every family
who was Dr. Francis Townsend
a critic of the New Deal
what did Dr. Francis Townsend want; what did this lead to
he wanted to give everyone over the age of 60 $200 a month; the Social Security Act
what was the American Liberty League
a group that was a critic of the New Deal
what did the ALL say
the New Deal was too socialistic
who was the ALL led by
Al Smith
what did other critics of the New Deal fear
the rapid growth of the federal govt and the growing national debt
what decade was the Dust Bowl
1930s
what were the reasons for the Dust Bowl (3)
drought
erosion
over farming
what happened to the land in the Dust Bowl
the land became un-farmable
who were Okies
people from Oklahoma
what did Okies do
they went W to California on Route 66 to look for jobs
what book did John Steinbeck write; what was it about
The Grapes of Wrath; it was about the Dust Bowl
what was the Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO)
a union of unskilled workers
who was the CIO led by
John L. Lewis
who were the candidates in the election of 1936
Dem: FDR GOP: Alfred "Alf" Landon
where was Alfred "Alf" Landon from
Kansas
who won the election of 1936
FDR
what did FDR perceive the results of the 1936 election as; how did the SC feel about this
he perceived them as a mandate to continue the New Deal; they disagreed
what did FDR wants the SC to do
be more sympathetic to New Deal programs
what was FDR publicly critical of
the Supreme Court
describe the SC during FDR's second term
they are very old and very GOP
what was FDR's court packing scheme
he wanted to enlarge the SC and add up to 6 new judges
how was FDR's court packing scheme received; what did this do
it was unpopular; its unpopularity hurt the momentum of the New Deal
what did John Maynard Keynes advocate
"deficit spending" to stimulate growth
what is deficit spending also called
priming the pump
what did Adam Smith write
Wealth of Nations
what did Adam smith believe
an "invisible hand" controls business; the invisible hand is competition
describe movies in the 1930s
the 1930s was an important decade for movies
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