Week_02_CLO1___Explaining_Network_Protocols_and_Standards_Principles__3_

Network Protocols

Rules and conventions that determine how data is transmitted and received over a network.

OSI Model

A conceptual framework used to understand and implement networking protocols in seven layers.

TCP/IP Model

A set of protocols used for communication over the Internet that consists of four layers: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Access.

Encapsulation

The process of wrapping data with protocol information at each layer of the OSI or TCP/IP model.

Decapsulation

The process of removing protocol information from data as it is passed back up through the layers of the OSI or TCP/IP model.

PDU (Protocol Data Unit)

The unit of data specified in a protocol at each layer of the networking model; can refer to bytes, frames, packets, or segments.

MAC Address

A unique identifier assigned to a network interface card (NIC) for communications on the physical network segment.

IP Address

A logical address assigned to a device on a network for identification and communication; it can be in IPv4 or IPv6 format.

Segmentation

The process of dividing a larger message into smaller, individual segments for transmission.

Multiplexing

The process of combining multiple data streams into one for transmission over a single communication channel.

Default Gateway

The device that routes traffic from a local network to other networks, often the first point of contact for network devices.

Open Standards

Standards that are publicly available and adoptable by anyone, promoting interoperability and innovation in technology.

Legacy Networks

Older network infrastructures that often rely on proprietary protocols and technology.

Interoperability

The ability of different systems and organizations to work together and exchange information effectively.

Data Link Layer

Layer 2 of the OSI model responsible for node-to-node data transfer and error correction in physical communications.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

A core protocol of the TCP/IP suite that ensures reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data between applications.