Week_02_CLO1___Explaining_Network_Protocols_and_Standards_Principles__3_

The Campus of Tomorrow

Course Name: CYB 2413: Advanced NetworkingWeek 2 Topic: CLO1 - Explaining Network Protocols and Standards Principles

Delivery Outline

• Week 1: Modern network technologies principles

• Week 2: Network protocols and standards principles

• Week 3: Classifying network physical connectivity

• Week 4: Media access control and data link communication

• Week 5: Ethernets and switched networks

• Week 6: Network layer IP protocols

• Weeks 7-8: Number Systems of Network Addressing

• Weeks 9-10: IPV4 Addressing

• Week 11: IPv6 addressing

• Week 12: The Transport Layer

• Week 13: The Application Layer

• Weeks 14-15: Small network building and troubleshooting

Objectives

• Understanding Protocols and Models:

  • Communication rules and clarity, purpose of models.

OSI Model: Layers 1 to 7

• Layer 7 - Application Layer:

  • Supports end-user processes like email and web browsing.

• Layer 6 - Presentation Layer:

  • Formats data, handles encryption and compression.

• Layer 5 - Session Layer:

  • Manages sessions, ensuring orderly data transfer.

• Layer 4 - Transport Layer:

  • End-to-end communication, segmentation, delivery, and recovery.

• Layer 3 - Network Layer:

  • Routes data between networks using IP protocols.

• Layer 2 - Data Link Layer:

  • Node-to-node data transfer, defines hardware addressing.

• Layer 1 - Physical Layer:

  • Focuses on physical connections and transmission media.

TCP/IP Model

• Overview:

  • Four layers foundational for Internet communication.

Communication Fundamentals

• Understanding Network Complexity:

  • Ranges from home LANs to large enterprise networks.

• Essential Elements of Communication:

  • Sender: Initiates communication.

  • Receiver: Analyzes data received.

  • Channel: Medium for message conveyance.

Network Protocol Requirements

• Core Agreements:

  • Encoding: Data representation in binary.

  • Formatting: Structure for understanding.

  • Timing: Synchronization for packet timing.

  • Delivery Options: Reliability and acknowledgment.

Network Protocol Functions

• Implementation in:

  • Software: Utilized by applications.

  • Hardware: Implemented by network devices.

TCP/IP Protocol Suite

• Definition:

  • Set of protocols for data exchange on the Internet.

• Common Protocols:

  • Ethernet: Data packet transmission rules.

  • WLAN: Wireless communication methods.

  • HTTP: Rules for web traffic.

Open Standards

• Purpose:

  • Foster interoperability, competition, and innovation.

Key Organizations:

• IANA: Manages IP address allocations.

• ICANN: Oversees domain names.

Understanding Network Models

• Standardization Importance:

  • Facilitates compatibility across technologies.

  • Legacy Networks: Proprietary protocols limited communication, encouraging open standards.

Encapsulation and De-Capsulation

• Encapsulation:

  • Wrapping data with protocol info during transmission.

• De-Capsulation:

  • Removing protocol info for data interpretation.

Segmentation and Multiplexing

• Segmentation:

  • Dividing messages for efficient transmission.

• Multiplexing:

  • Combining data streams for concurrent transmission.

Sequencing

• Importance:

  • Ensures segments arrive in correct order, managed by TCP sequencing.

Data Units and Naming Conventions

• PDUs:

  • Data: Stream carrying the message.

  • Segment: PDU at transport layer.

  • Packet: PDU at network layer.

  • Frame: PDU at data link layer.

  • Bits: Basic unit of data transmission.

Local Addressing Methods

• Identifying Devices:

  • Hostnames: Resolved to IP addresses.

  • IP Addresses: Unique network identifiers.

  • MAC Addresses: Unique for local devices, essential for communication.

Summary of Layer Interactions

• Encapsulation during sending, de-capsulation during receiving to ensure proper data interpretation.