Psychology Final | Abnormal Psychology | 2023-2024

Anxiety Disorder

A condition in which intense feelings of apprehension are long-standing and disruptive

Phobia

An anxiety disorder involving strong, irrational fear of an object or situation that does not objectively justify such a reaction

Psychological disorder

A condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Mood Disorder

Conditions in which a person experiences extreme moods, such as depression or mania; also called affective disorder

Mania

A phase of bipolar disorder. It is characterized by sustained periods of abnormally elevated or irritable mood, intense energy, racing thoughts, and other extreme and exaggerated behaviors

Delusions

False beliefs, such as those experienced by people suffering from schizophrenia or extreme depression

Personality disorder

Long-standing, inflexible ways of behaving that create a variety of problems

Psychotherapy

A general term for treating mental health problems by talking with a psychiatrist, psychologist or other mental health provider

Biomedical therapy

Treatment that involves medication and/or medical procedures to treat psychological disorders

Behavior therapy

Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

Cognitive therapy

A relatively short-term form of psychotherapy based on the concept that the way we think about things affects how we feel emotionally

Exposure Therapies

Involves exposing the target patient to the anxiety source or its context without the intention to cause any danger. Doing so is thought to help them overcome their anxiety or distress.

Family therapy

A type of psychological counseling that can help family members improve communication and resolve conflicts.

Schizophrenia

A severe and disabling pattern of disturbed thinking emotion, perception, and behavior

Somatoform

Medical health condition that causes an individual to experience physicalbodily symptoms in response to psychological distress

Diagnostic Criteria of
General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Excessive, exaggerated anxiety and worry about everyday life. Always expect disaster & can’t stop worrying about health, family, work, school, etc

Diagnostic Criteria of
Phobic Disorders (specific phobias)

A strong, irrational fear of something that poses little or no actual threat

Diagnostic Criteria of
Panic Disorders

Unexpected & repeated episodes pf intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms that may include chest pains, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, or abdominal distress

Diagnostic Criteria of
Agoraphobia

Anxiety disorder in which you fear and avoid places/situations that might cause you to panic & make you feel trapped, helpless, or embarrassed

Diagnostic Criteria of
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Excessive thoughts that lead to repetitive compulsive behavior, compulsion, agitation, or hoarding

Diagnostic Criteria of
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Depressed mood, loss of interest of activities, anxiety, apathy, discontent, guilty, hopelessness, sadness

Diagnostic Criteria of
Bipolar Disorder

Severe mood swings, depressed lows to manic highs. High energy, reduced sleep, loss of touch of reality, low energy, mood episodes can last days to months

Diagnostic Criteria of
Dysthymia

A mild but long term depressed state. Low mood for 2 years. Poor concentration, low self esteem, low energy, sleep changes

Diagnostic Criteria of
Paranoid

Psychosis that blurs the lines of what is real and not. Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech

Diagnostic Criteria of
Catatonic

Psychotic disorder that effects the way you move in extreme ways, staying still, being mute, stupor, catalepsy, mutism

Diagnostic Criteria of
Disorganized

Disorganized behavior & speech includes disturbance in emotional expression. Hallucinations & delusions are less pronounced.

Diagnostic Criteria of
Undifferentiated

No longer recognized, psychotic combination, delusions, hallucinations, behavior, speech, mobility

Diagnostic Criteria of
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

The presence of two or more distinct personality states

Diagnostic Criteria of
-

A person cannot remember important information about their life. This forgetting may be limited to certain areas

Diagnostic Criteria of
Dissociate Fugue

Amnesia, coupled with sudden unexpected travel away from home and an individual, denial or unaware of their whereabouts

Diagnostic Criteria of
Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Condition in which people have an inflated sense of their own importance, a deep need for excessive attention and admiration, lack of empathy for others

Diagnostic Criteria of
Antisocial Personality Disorder

Condition in which a person has long term patterns of manipulating, exploiting, or violating the rights of others

Diagnostic Criteria of
Borderline Personality Disorder

Impacts the way you think and feel about yourself & others, includes self-image issues, difficulty managing emotions & behavior, and a pattern of unstable relationships

Course of
Borderline Personality Disorder

Behavioral therapy, anger management, antidepressants

Course of
Antisocial Personality Disorder

Psychotherapy, anxiety meds

Course of
Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Support group, counseling, family & group psychotherapy

Course of
Dissociative Fugue

Psychotherapy, cognitive, antidepressants, antipsychotics

Course of
Dissociative Amnesia

Psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectic behavior therapy, antidepressants, anti anxiety

Course of
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Cognitive behavioral therapy, family therapy, psychotherapy

Course of
Undifferentiated

Antipsychotics, psychotherapy

Course of
Disorganized

Antipsychotics, cognitive behavioral therapy

Course of
Catatonic

Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates, antidepressants, hospitalization, psychotherapy

Course of
Paranoid

Antipsychotic, anti-tremor, rehabilitation, hospitalization, behavior, group therapy

Course of
Dysthymia

Antidepressants, self care, psychotherapy, support groups

Course of
Bipolar disorder

Antipsychotics, hospitalization, support groups, behavioral therapy, family & psychotherapy

Course of
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Cognitive behavior therapy, psychotherapy, antidepressants

Course of
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

SSRI, antidepressants, aversion therapy, support groups

Course of
Agoraphobia

Antidepressants, SSRI, exposure therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation techniques

Course of
Panic Disorders

Lifelong with chronic relapsing

Course of
Phobic Disorders (specific phobias)

1st appearance in childhood, usually by age 10, but can occur later in life. Likely inhereted from family members.

Course of
General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Can start as a child or an adult. Follows a chronic course with low rates of remission and moderate rates of relapse/recurrence

Prevalence of
General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

2.7% of adults (3.4% women, 1.9% men)

Prevalence of
Phobic Disorders (specific phobias)

9.1% of Americans, Teens have a higher rate of 15.1%, often more than 1 phobia

Prevalence of
Panic Disorders

2.7% of adults (3.8% women, 1.6% men)

Prevalence of
Agoraphobia

1.3% of population

Prevalence of
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

1.2% of adults (1.8% women, .5% men)

Prevalence of
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

8.4% of adults (10.5% women, 6.2% men)

Prevalence of
Bipolar Disorder

2.8% of adults (2.8% women, 2.9% men)

Prevalence of
Dysthymia

1.5% adults (1.9% women, 1% men)

Prevalence of
Paranoid

1.1% of adults (.46% women, .48% men)

Prevalence of
Catatonic

1.1% of adults

Prevalence of
Disorganized

1% of adults

Prevalence of
Undifferentiated

1% of adults

Prevalence of
Dissociative Identity Disorder

less than .01%, very hard to prove & very rare

Prevalence of
Dissociative Fugue

.2%, much more common in correlation with wars, accidents, and natural disasters

Prevalence of
Dissociative Amnesia

1% men, 2.6% women

Prevalence of
Narcissistic Personality Disorder

5% of adult population, 1 in 10 of all personality disorders

Prevalence of
Antisocial Personality Disorder

4% of adult population

Prevalence of
Borderline Personality Disorder

1.6% of adult population

Etiology of
General Anxiety Disorder

Brain chemistry, genetics perceived, traumatic events

Etiology of
Phobic Disorders (specific phobias)

May develop as a result of having a negative experience or panic attack related to a specific object or situation, genetics, environment

Etiology of
Panic Disorders

May start after a serious illness or accident, death of a close friend, separation from family, birth of a baby

Etiology of
Agoraphobia

Other existing panic disorders

Etiology of
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Genetics, heredity, enviromnetal factors, distorted beliefs reinforced, traumatic events

Etiology of
Major Depressive Disorder

Biological & social distress, changing brain formations

Etiology of
Bipolar Disorder

Genetics &environment, altered brain structure & chemistry

Etiology of
Dysthmia

Genetics, traumatic or stressful life

Etiology of
Paranoid

Genetics & psychological factors, stress or traumatic life can trigger psychotic episode

Etiology of
Catatonic

Brain chemistry

Etiology of
Disorganized

Genetics, viral infections, malnutrition as a fetus, severe stress

Etiology of
Undifferentiated

A mix of genetic changes with environmental and other high risk factots

Etiology of
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Post-traumatic development, stressful events in childhood, including abuse, emotional neglect, disturbed attactment, and boundary violations

Etiology of
Dissociative Amnesia

Link to overwhelming stress, traumatic events, and genetic connections

Etiology of
Dissociative Fugue

Severe stress & traumatic events

Etiology of
Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Childhood trauma, egentics, personality & temperment

Etiology of
Antisocial Personality Disorder

Some genetic and environmental factors, child abuse, those with antisocial or alchoholic parents

Etiology of
Borderline Personality Disorder

Victim of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse