PHIL 1030 Quiz 2 review

what do morally correct actions depend on?

being acted upon by the motive of duty

the respect one has for moral law

duty

laws that must hold for all rational beings

moral law

kant’s term for the capacity to rationally set ends for oneself

will

a good will is made good not because of its effects on the world but…

because of the good ends it sets for itself

a command to do something

imperative

command to do something if one wants to achieve a particular end

hypothetical imperative

command that applies without expectation and without regard for one’s inclinations or optional ends

categorical imperative

“act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should be a universal law”

1st formulation of the categorical imperative

“act in such a way that you always treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end”

2nd formation of the very same categorical imperative

________ cannot ever be used as though they were mere tools for achieving one’s ends; they are themselves who have inherent worth or value. it is not that we can never treat a person as a means, but we cannot treat a person as a mere means

people

most moral theories are concerned with answering the question:

what makes an action morally correct or incorrect

virtue ethics are concered with answering the question

what makes a person have an ethically virtuous character

a stable disposition to act in excellent fashion

virtue

being vurtuous is not just a matter of acting in the right way but also…

having the right feelings and emotions that motivate one’s actions

most ethical theories typically emphasize…

abstract principles general duties, individual rights, impartial judgements, and deliberate reasoning

what focuses on the demands of particular situations and to the feelings and virtues that are constitute of close personal relationships, such as empathy, compassion, love, sympathy, and fidelity

ethics of care

what does the ethics of care acknowledge

we owe more of our time and resources to those with whom we stand in caring relationships than to strangers

ethics of care understand people as…

relational and interdependent, both morally and epistemologically, rather than as self-sufficient independent individuals

5 traits that are thought by some to be central to personhood

consciousness and the capacity to feel pain, reasoning, self-motivated activity, the capacity to communicate, the presence of self-concepts, and self awareness