World History Chapter 3: India

which kingdom had become more powerful than any other state and where was it located?

Magadha, the Ganges plain

who is the key figure of jainsim

vardhamana mahavira

Who is Vardhamana Mahavira?

son of the cheif, member of the warrior class

what is Jainism based on

the doctrines of karma and rebirth

why did jainists trade

becuase farming would kill the insects in the soil which they couldn't do

lasting legacies of jainsim (2)

fasting and nonviolence

Who was Buddha?

Siddhartha Gautama

what does buddha mean

enlightened one

who was Siddhartha Gautama

son of a chief and part of the warrior class

What was the Enlightenment?

perfect insight into the process of the universe

what did buddha urge

the middle way between asceticism and wordly life

how did buddha attract followers

by preaching in the local language and not sanskrit

what are the 4 noble truths

1) pain and suffering, frustration and anxiety are ugly but inescapable parts of human life 2) suffering and anxiety are caused bu human desires and attachments 3) people can understand these weaknesses and triumph over them 4) this triumph is made possible by following simple code of conduct, the eightfold path

how did Buddhism differ from Brahmanism

it ignored the caste system

who could follow the eightfold path

everyone

what does the eightfold path do

bring you to your own enlightenment

what are the scriptures of the buddha called

sutras

mahayana

a more inclusive form of buddhism

what does mahayana mean

great vehicle

who was placed at the head of the pantheon

buddha

Why did Buddhism decline in India?

it was less popular than Hinduism and Islam

what were rejections of brahmanic relgion

bhuddism and jainism

what specifically did bhuddism and jainism reject from brahmanaic religion

the caste system

What did Brahmanism develop into

Hinduism

What is the goal of Hinduism?

to reach union with brahman

what is the dharma for

people to observe it in their quest to reach union with brahman

in hinduism can people worship personal gods

yes

hinduisms embrace of \___ \____ \___ \__ \___ enabled it to incorporate new sects doctrines beleifs and deities

a large pantheon of gods

What is the Bhagavad Gita?

Hinduism's most popular sacred text

can people have different dharmas

yes

who unified all of north india

chandragupta

what did chandragupta found

the mauryan empire

what fostered contact between india and the near east

Persian control

what was the relationship between the greeks and the indians

the greeks were impressed by the indians, Alexander overtook some of the states but he was mainly peaceful with the indians and he even debated with them

who was the sole master of north india in 322 bce

chandragupta

what influenced chandragupta in his rule

persian lessons

What did Chandragupta do?

he divided india into provinces and assigned governors to them

what religion was chandragupta

jain ascetic

Who was Chandragupta's grandson

Ashoka

what religion was ashoka

Buddhist

what did ashoka do about religion

he spread bhuddism by making laws and using the machinery of his empire

Why did the Mauryan Empire decline

ashokas died

veda

to see, to know or meaning wisdom/knowledge

Rig Veda

The earliest collection of Indian hymns, ritual texts, and philosophical treatises, it is the central source of information on early Aryans.

Samsara

The transmigration of souls by a continual process of rebirth

Karma

The tally of good and bad deeds that determines the status of an individual's next life.

two big parts of ancient indian cosmology

samsara and karma

Pantheon

all the gods of a people or religion

Jainism

Indian religion whose followers consider all life sacred and avoid destroying other life

Four Noble Truths

the most basic Buddhist teaching 1. The truth of Suffering

Eightfold Path

The eight

Buddhism ignored the caste system, so who could follow the Eightfold Path?

everyone

Mahayana

The "Great Vehicle," everybody gets on board. Mahayana is completely inclusive. the raft is crossing over the turbulent river of samsara. The buddha is the pilot of the raft. The other shore is nirvana

What is the meaning of Mahavira?

Great Conqueror/Great Hero

What is significant about the title of Mahavira?

The title is significant because he conquered samsara.

Who was the greatest teacher of Janism

Varhamana, Kshatriyan. Later the Mahavira

What is the Jain teaching regarding living souls?

All living beings, plants, and animals have living souls and are scared. And non

Ahimsa

nonviolence

What was Siddhartha Gautama called?

Shakyamuni Buddha, the Sage of the Shaya Tribe

What does Buddha mean?

enlightened one or awakened one

What is the prophecy of the Buddha at birth?

He would either rule the world or redeem the world.

When Siddhartha left his life of luxury, what did he become?

An ascetic

What was Siddhartha Gautama looking for when he set out on his spiritual quest?

He was seeking freedom from suffering for all, freedom from the wheel of Samsara.

What did Siddhartha discover?

The middle way, a way to live your life, the way between extremes.

What is the metaphor Siddhartha used to explain the middle way to freedom

He uses a stringed musical instrument. As you tune the instrument, if the string are too loose (life of luxury) it will not play, if the strings are too tight the will break and not play (asceticism)

What can Buddhism be compared too?

A great tree with deep roots and wide branches

Siddhartha's Awakening

He sat for forty days under the Bo tree in Bodh Gaya, a small city in north India and a major pilgrimage site.

What is the buddhas first teaching?

the 4 noble truths

What is the meaning of Dharma in Buddhism?

Truth;the teachings of the Buddha

What is Dharma in Hinduism?

moral duty and law

Nirvana

the other shore, the end of suffering is referred to as nirvana, meaning to extinguish a flame, to chill.

Bodhisattva

A great being who is enlightned or very close o it who chooses to stay in the world to help others on the path to awakening, to freedom from suffering

What were direct challenges to the old Brahminic religion?

Buddhism and Janism

What did both Buddhism and Jainism reject?

sacrificing Animals and the caste system

What is the bedrock of Hinduism?

The belief that the Vedas are sacred revelations.

What is the goal of Hinduism?

Hindiuis is a guide to life, the goal of which is to reach union with Braham, the ultimate unchaining realty.

What do Hindus refer to their religion as?

the eternal way

What is an avatar?

an incarnation or manifestation of the one God.

What is the central ethical Hindu text

Bhagavad Gita

What is the capital of the Mauryan Empire

Pataliputra, one of the greatest citie sof the anicent world

Megasthenes

Greek ambassador who wrote detailed descriptions of fabulous cosmopolitan metropolis.

edict

an official order or proclamation

who unified all of north india

chandragupta

What happened during the kushan period (lasted to 250 ce)?

Greek culture impacted Indian art. Buddhist shrines were adorned. And coin cast images of kings became popular.

What was codified in the period of 185 BCE

300 C.E?

What metaphor is used to explain the first teachings of the Buddha?

dr. buddha

who is the key figure of jainsim

vardhamana mahavira

what was the relationship between the greeks and the indians

the greeks were impressed by the indians, Alexander overtook some of the states but he was mainly peaceful with the indians and he even debated with them

What did Chandragupta do?

he divided india into provinces and assigned governors to them

Who was Chandragupta's grandson?

ashoka, a buddhist

Why did the Mauryan Empire decline?

Asoka died

Brahmanism

focused not on a creator who made the univer out of nothing rather on endlessly reapting cycles. Ex: samsara and karma

Moksha

release from samsara

Brahman

The unchanging ultimate reality, according to the Upanishads.

Atman

the individual soul, like a spark in brahman (the fire)

mystic

one who seeks to understand spirtual truths and one's relationship with the divine or ultimate reality

Asceticism

severe self

What is the worlds longest epic poem?

Mahabharata

Bhagavad Gita

is a guide on how to live in the world and yet honor the moral law and thus achieve release from the wheel of samsara. also known as "Song of the Lord'

When did Jainism start?

the 7th century BCE