Civil Rights

What laws enforced strict seperation of races?

Jim Crow Laws

Who banned discrimination in defense industries?

FDR

Who became the first African American to play major league baseball?

Jackie Robinson

Which president desegregated the military?

President Truman

What court case ruled that Texas violated the 14th Amendment?

Sweatt vs. Painter

What court case stated that Oklahoma violated McLaurin’s rights when he was denied access to the graduate school library?

McLaurin vs. Oklahoma State Regents

What court case allowed Mexican Americans to join trial juries?

Hernandez vs. Texas

The Ku Klux Klan staged a revival through the creation of what?

White Citizen’s Council

What is the difference between de jure and de facto segregation?

De Jure segregation was written into law, while de facto segregation was unwritten customs or traditions.

What was Manifesto was endorsed by about 100 Southern Congress members, that stated that they would oppose the Brown ruling through all legal means.

The Southern Manifesto

What did the Governor of Arkansas do to combat integration of African American students into a school?

He ordered Arkansas National Guard to block the school’s entrance, only allowing white students inside.

Who signed the Civil RIghts Act of 1957?

Eisenhower

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1957 do?

• Establish the Civil Rights Commission

• Empowered the US Attorney General to bring lawsuits to fix violations of civil rights

What was the name of the boycott in response to Rosa Park’s arrest?

The Montgomery Bus Boycott

Who, along with Martin Luther King, established the Southern Christian Leadership Conference?

Ralph Abernathy

Who vowed to continue the Montgomery Bus Boycott after Martin Luther King Jr. gave a speech?

The Montgomery Improvement Association

What was the name of the movement that had students going into establishments that refused to serve African Americans and sitting in them until closing time?

Sit-In Movement

Where was the first Sit-In protest?

Greensboro, NC

What was the name of the organization created by students to fight against racism?

Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee

What was the name of the case that ruled segregation on interstate buses and waiting rooms were illegal?

Boynton v. Virginia

What was the “Freedom Ride?”

Two buses set off from Washington D.C, bound for New Orleans, traveling throughout the deep south.

Who sued an all-white university, wanting to attend, and won?

James Meredith

Who represented James Meredith in his court case?

Medgar Evers

Who was the governor of Alabama, who fought for segregation?

George Wallace

Who succeeded John F. Kennedy?

Lyndon B. Johnson

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do?

• Banned Segregation in public accommodations

• Gave Federal Government the ability to compel state and local school boards to desegregate schools

• Allowed the Justice Department to prosecute people who violated civil rights

• Outlawed Discrimination in employment

• Established the Equal Opportunity Commission (EEOC) which is responsible for enforcing these provisions

What was the headquarters of the SNCC, and also the same church that got bombed?

16th Street Baptist Church

What did the March on Selma aim to do?

Pressure the federal government to enact voting rights legislation

What was Bloody Sunday?

March 7th, 1965, Heavily armed state troopers attacked demonstrators.

What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 do?

• Banned literacy tests

• Empowered the federal government to oversee voting registration

What did the 24th Amendment do?

Banned Poll Taxes

What did Baker v. Carr establish

It established “one man, one vote.” and limited racial gerrymandering.

Where was the most prominent race riot?

Los Angles

What did Malcolm X do?

• Joined Nation of Islam

• Called for a seperation of races

• Called for ‘Black Power’

• Left Nation of Islam and started his own organization

• Was shot and killed by three members of Nation of Islam

Who was the leader of the SNCC?

Stokely Carmichael

Who were the founders of the Black Panthers?

Harry Newton and Bobby Seale

What did the Black Panthers do?

• Organized armed patrols of urban neighborhoods to protect against police abuse and racial violence

• Created anti-poverty programs

Who assassinated MLK Jr?

James Earl Ray

Who mourned MLK Jr. and called for compassion to replace violence?

Robert F. Kennedy

What did Fair Housing Act do?

Banned Discrimination on Housing

What did ‘Affirmative Action’ aim to do?

Close economic gap between blacks and whites, it forced a quota for minorities

Who were the two candidates in the election of 1960?

John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon

What did the Equal Pay Act do?

Required equal wages for equal work

What is Deficit spending?

The government practice of borrowing money in order to spend more than is received from tax.

What was the Space Race?

Competition between the Soviet Union and the United States to develop technology land on the moon.

Who assassinated John F. Kennedy?

Lee Harvey Oswald

Who succeeded JFK?

Lyndon B. Johnson

What did the Warren Commision do?

Investigated JFK’s death to determined if Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone.

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do?

Banned discrimination based on race and created the Equal Opportunities Commision

What did the Economic Opportunity Act do?

Created Job Corps to train young people in order to move out of poverty

What did the Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA) do?

Sent Volunteers into American poverty communities to help solve economic, educational, and medical problems.

Who were the candidates of the 1964 election?

Lyndon B. Johnson v. Barry Goldwater

Who came up with ‘American Great Society’?

Lyndon B. Johnson

Who wrote Silent Spring?

Rachel Carlson

What was the Warren Court?

The most Liberal Court in American History

What did Tinker v. Des Moines state?

Stated that protesting the Vietnam war was free speech, and that students did not give up their rights while at school.

What did Mapp v. Ohio state?

Evidence obtained illegally violated the 4th element

What did Miranda v. Arizona state?

All accused criminals had to be informed of his or her 5th and 6th amendment rights before being questioned.

What did Engel v. Vitale state?

School prayer was a violation of the 1st amendment

What did Abington v. Schempp state?

Bible reading in schools violated the 1st Amendment