Chapter 8: Memory

Schema

Schema

Is a mental framework- an organized pattern of thought- about some aspect of the world.

Procedural (nondeclarative) memory

Is reflected in skills and actions.

Decay Theory

Which proposed that with time and disuse, the long- term physical memory trace in the nervous system fades away.

Source Confusion

Our tendency to recall something or recognize it as familiar but to forget where we encountered it.

Mnemonist

A person who displays extraordinary memory skills

Alzheimers disease (AD)

Is a progressive brain disorder that is the most common cause of dementia among adults over the age of 65.

Neural Network (connectionist) models

Each memory is represented by a unique pattern of interconnected and simultaneously activated nodes.

Retrieval

Refers to processes that access stored information.

Mnemonic Device

________: a memory aid; things like acronyms.

Misinformation Effect

The distortion of a memory by misleading postevent information.

Infatike Amnersia

Loss of memory of early experiences.

Memory

Refers to the processes that allow us to record, store, and later retrieve experiences and information.

Maintenance rehearsal

Involves simple, role repetition.

Method of Loci

A memory aid that associates information with mental images of physical locations.

Retrieval cue

Is a stimulus, whether internal or external, that activates information stored in long- term memory.

Associative Network

A massive network of associated ideas and concepts.

Declarative memory

Involves factual knowledge.

Levels of Processing

The more deeply we process information, the better we will remember it.

Dementia

Refers to impaired memory and other cognitive deficits that accompany brain degeneration and interfere with normal functioning.

Dual Coding Theory

Encoding information using both verbal and visual codes enhances memory because the odds improve that at least one of the codes will be available later to support recall.

Autobiographical Memories

Recollections of personally experienced events that make up the stories of our lives.

Elaborative Rehearsal

Which involves focusing on the meaning of information or expanding (i.e., elaborating) on it in some way.

Context dependent memory

It typically is easier to remember something in the same environment in which it was originally encoded.