Chapter 8 - Male Reproductive System

Main Purpose of Organs of the Male Reproductive System

All organs and structures of the male reproductive system are designed to produce and deliver sperm to the female reproductive tract, so fertilization can occur

Organs of the Male Reproductive System (1) TEVSEPP

Testes

Organs of the Male Reproductive System (2) TEVSEPP

Epididymis

Organs of the Male Reproductive System (3) TEVSEPP

Vas Deferens

Organs of the Male Reproductive System (4) TEVSEPP

Seminal Vesicles

Organs of the Male Reproductive System (5) TEVSEPP

Ejaculatory duct

Organs of the Male Reproductive System (6) TEVSEPP

Prostate gland

Organs of the Male Reproductive System (7) TEVSEPP

Penis

Testes Location

In the scrotum

Testes Function

Produces sperm and secrete testosterone

Testosterone

Develops and maintains maleness (beard, pubic hair, deep voice)

Epididymis Location

Located on top of the testes

Function of Epididymis

Storage for sperm before ejaculation

Epididymis Structure

Tightly coiled tubes that carry sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens

Vas deferens

Transports sperm from epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

Vas deferens Structure

Narrow tubes that carry sperm

Seminal vesicle

Helps produce a large portion of semen and joins with the vas deferens to form the ejaculatory duct

Ejaculatory Duct

Transports semen to the urethra

Urethra

Tube through semen is expelled from the body during ejaculation

Prostate Gland Location

Glandular structure beneath the urinary bladder and surrounding the urethra

Prostate Gland Function

Produces an alkaline fluid that promotes sperm motility and muscular tissue of prostate aids in expulsion sperm during ejaculation

Bulbourethral glands (cowper glands) Location

Below the prostate gland

Bulbourethral glands (cowper glands) Function

Secretes thick mucus that acts as a lubricant during sexual stimulation

Penis

Composed of erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra

Penis during Sexual Activity

The penis becomes erect and semen from ejaculatory duct is expelled through the urethra during ejaculation

Spermatozoon

Male sex cell that carries its nuclear hereditary material or chromosomes in its head region

Flagellum

Hair like projection on sperm that makes the sperm cell mobile

Out of what does that one spermatozoon actually fertilize a female ovum?

One out of three-hundred million, if more than one egg is present then multiple fertilizations is possible

Fraternal Twins

Result from fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm cells

Identical Twins

Result from the fertilization of single egg by a single sperm

Andro

Male

Gando

Glands/ sex glands

Prostato

Prostate gland

Orcho

testis

Orchio

Testicle/ testes (plural)

Orchido

testicle/ testes (plural)

Testo

Testis

Spermato

Spermatozoa

Spermi

Sperm

Spermo

Sperm

Varic

Dilated Vein

Vaso

Vessel; duct

Scrotum

External sac that contains testes

Semen

Sperm cells and seminal fluid

Teratoma

Benign tumor occurring in the testes

Varicocele

A collection of varicose veins above the testis

(-genesis)

Formation (spermatogenesis)

(-one)

Hormone

Prostate Cancer Signs and Symptoms (1)

Malignant neoplasm of prostatic tissue

Prostate Cancer Signs and Symptoms (2)

Majority of prostatic neoplasms are classified as adenocarcinomas

Prostate Cancer Signs and Symptoms (3)

Most men with prostate cancer are asymptomatic on diagnosis

Prostate Cancer Signs and Symptoms (4)

When symptoms are present, they are typically those of the urinary tract

STD (Sexually Transmitted Diseases)

Chlamydial Infection (Chlamydia), Gonorrhea, Herpes Genitalis (Herpes), Syphilis

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

Measures prostate-specific antigen in the blood. Elevated levels are associated with and enlarged prostate and may be a sign of prostate cancer

Semen Analysis

Sperm cells are examined for motility and shape. The number of sperm cells is also obtained.

Vasectomy

Surgical procedure in which the Vasa Deferentia of a man are cut for the purpose of sterilization

Digital Rectal Examination

Examination of prostate by finger palpation through the rectum to check prostate enlargement that should be done yearly in men older than age 40

Gonadotropins

Hormonal preparation, used to increase sperm count in infertility

Spermicides

Birth control that destroys sperm by creating a highly acidic environment in the uterus

Erectile Agents

Increase blood flow to penis

BPH

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

GU

Genitourinary

HSV

Herpes simplex virus

PSA

Prostate specific antigen

RPR

Rapid plasma region, test for syphilis

(-plasia)

growth, formation

(-trophy)

development, nourishment

transurethral (TURP)

resection of the prostate

resectoscope

The endoscopic instrument used by the urologist to perform TURP

(-cyst)

bladder

(-esthesia)

feeling

Vasectomy Reversal

Surgical procedure in which the function of the vas deferens on each side is restored after having been cut and ligated in a preceding vasectomy.

Patency

state of being open

Anorchism

Congenital absence of one or both testes, also called anorchidism or anorchia

Balanitis

Inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis

Cryptorchism

Failure of one or both testicles to descend into the scrotum

Epispadias

Congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis near the glans penis instead of the tip

Hypospadias

Defect in which the male urethra opens on the undersurface of the penis

Impotence (Erectile Dysfunction)

inability for a man to achieve or maintain a penile erection

Phimosis

Stenosis or narrowness of the preputial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be pushed back over the glans penis

Trasnrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and Biopsy of the Prostate

Ultrasound probe is inserted into the rectum to obtain an image of the prostate gland and collect multiple needle biopsy specimens of the prostate gland tissues where abnormalities are detected