HIST 111- Final Exam

Knowledge Checks

"Deists" in the eighteenth-century (1700s) believed that

God, as a rational creator, had created a universe governed by rational laws that could be understood through study and the use of reason, and that he no longer interfered with his creation.

According to Chief Justice John Marshall of the Supreme Court, whenever a law of Congress and the Constitution do not agree on a particular point, the court must do which of the following?

Obey the constitution

According to the Declaration of Independence, a just and lawful government can only be established on the following foundation...

the consent of the governed

Alexander Hamilton and his ideas became the inspiration for the creation of

the Federalist Party.

Although the British probably did not intend to do this, the Proclamation Line had the effect of making the most literate Native Americans angry about what they viewed as an unconstitutional form of taxation in 1863.

false

Although Washington knew he could not defeat the British decisively in open battle, he believed he could succeed by ...

making the war as expensive and costly for the British as possible

American colonists became suspicious (and angry) about the following developments:

the British decision to station 10,000 troops in New York and to patrol the American coastline with British Naval vessels in 1763-64.

American colonists first began discussing the possibility of independence from Great Britain after

the publication of Thomas Paine's Common Sense in early 1776.

American colonists protested against the Stamp Act in the following way:

they boycotted (refused to buy) British made products

American Indian leaders ceded (gave away) most of the territory we now know as the state of Ohio to the United States at

the Treaty of Greenville in 1795.

American politicians were not aware that Native Americans were living on lands north and west of the Ohio River when the Northwest Ordinance was passed.

false

Americans in the South were unanimously in support of independence at the start of the revolution.

false

As a result of "Pontiac's Rebellion,"

the British agreed to Native American demands to prevent westward migration of American Colonists in 1763.

As a result of the Great War for Empire,

the British captured Canada from the French and Florida from the Spanish.

As a result of the presidential election of 1800, the following individual was elected president:

Thomas Jefferson.

As members of George Washington's cabinet

Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson came to disagree with each other on many issues.

As soon as the new Constitution was ratified and the United States was able to raise taxes in 1790,

it launched two military expeditions into the Ohio territory that were each defeated by Native Americans.

At the Battle of Fallen Timbers

western Indians led by Tecumseh were defeated by U.S. forces in 1794.

Benjamin Franklin can be described as a good example of an Enlightenment thinker because he believed in an orderly universe governed by natural laws that human beings could understand through the use of reason.

true

British Troops shot and killed unarmed civilian protesters in which city?

boston

British-American colonists were interested in the Ohio River Valley in the 1850s because it served as a link between their colonies in Canada and Louisiana.

false

During the Great War for Empire

from 1754 to 1763 France, Spain, and Great Britain battled for control of colonies around the world.

Federalist politicians passed the Sedition Act

in 1798 as a means of silencing political debate and criticism of the government.

From a military perspective, George Washington and the Continental Army

experienced an embarassing string of defeats from August to November of 1776.

From about 1776 to 1778, the British focused primarily on

establishing miltiary control of the northern colonies.

General Arthur St. Clair showed his brilliance as a military leader by guiding American troops to a resounding victory at the Battle of Trenton.

false

George Washington and the Continental Army were encamped at Valley Forge during the winter of 1777.

true

George Washington's attack on Trenton, N.J. was significant because

it boosted American morale and encouraged his soldiers to re-enlist in the army.

George Washington's opinions about political parties can be summarized as follows:

they are destructive to the good of the people and the national government because they seek primarily their own power.

George Whitefield was

a Christian minister during the 1740s who preached about the need to be "born again" and question the authority of the established Church.

George Whitefield's beliefs and teachings can be described as an excellent example of a Deism.

flase

Identify which of the following occurred in 1787:

the Northwest Ordinance and the Constitutional Convention.

In 1767, the British Parliament passed the following legislation:

the Townshend Acts.

In 1778, the British decided to

shift the focus of their military efforts to the southern colonies.

In order to control the American colonies, the British Parliament

passed a series of commercial laws known as the Navigation Acts from about 1651-1706.

In order to deal with the war debt incurred during the Great War for Empire,

the British Parliament passed the "Sugar Act" in 1764.

In order to encourage Americans to keep fighting in December, 1776, Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet titled:

the crisis

In the Virginia Plan, each state was given a number of delegates in Congress according to the size of its population.

true

In their first two decades, New England settlers had a different experience with Native Americans than Virginia because

Native Americans in the New England area had just suffered a terrible epidemic that reduced their population substantially.

James Madison wanted the United States to be a Republic rather than a Democracy.

true

James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton wrote essays in support of the new U.S. constitution known as

The Federalist Papers

Lands to the west of the Mississippi River were aquired by the U.S. in 1803 as part of the

Louisiana Purchase

Members of the Federalist Party supported the following positions:

an approach to interpreting the Constitution that recognized "Implied Powers" and a belief that the United States should strive to become an industrial nation.

Most American colonists became convinced that independence was the only answer immediately after the Boston Massacre in 1770.

false

Native Americans were not aware of the terms included in the 1783 Treaty of Peace between Great Britain and the United States, which ended the American Revolution.

false

Neither Alexander Hamilton nor Thomas Jefferson were members of a political party.

false

One of the consequences of the Great War for Empire was that

Great Britain amassed an enormous debt which had to paid off at the end of the war.

One of the first challenges the British faced following their massive victory in the Great War for Empire was

a war with Native Americans in 1763.

One of the main authors of the Declaration of Independence was

Thomas Jefferson.

One of the Navigation Acts required

ships doing business with the British colonies in American to be owned by British citizens.

One of the things that George Washington's administration is remembered for is

the creation the first political party system in United States history.

Patrick Henry believed a Bill of Rights was necessary because

he feared that the new Constitution gave the federal government too much power.

Politicians who opposed the ratification of the Constitution were known as

Anti-Federalists

Puritans believed in "Covenant Theology," meaning that God sometimes makes promises/agreements with special groups of people or nations.

true

Puritans in early seventeenth-century (early 1600s) England were concerned that the following issue(s) might incur God's wrath:

the practices of the Church of England and unChristian behavior in English Society generally.

Separatist Puritans differed from other Puritans in the following ways:

they felt that England and the Church of England were too corrupt to be saved and that God's wrath was thus innevitable.

Separatist Puritans were led by

William Bradford and established Plymouth in 1620.

Someone who owned their own land and did their own work on that land to raise crops rather than working for someone else was known as

a yoeman

Squanto helped the Virginia settlers plant corn and survive their first year in 1520.

false

Tecumseh believed that spiritual power, in addition to guns and bullets, could also help win battles.

true

The "Great Awakening" helped spread the following message:

it is not enough simply to go to Church on Sundays... to be truly saved one must be born again and have a personal relationship with Christ.

The American Revolution officially ended when U.S. and British diplomats signed

The Treaty of Paris in 1783

The Boston Tea Party occurred because

Americans were angry about the Tea Act in 1773.

The British chose to end the "Northern Campaign" in 1778 due in part to the prospect of worldwide attacks from the French navy.

true

The British Prime Minister, Lord North, stirred up American anger once again by

passing the Tea Act in 1773.

The Coercive (or Intolerable) Acts were intended in part to

serve as an example to other colonies and keep them in line, but in fact it made them feel sorry for Boston.

The Coercive Acts were passed

in 1774 in order to punish Boston for the Boston Tea Party.

The Constitution makes use of which of the following policy to protect against the foolishness of the American people?

Appointment of Judges on the Supreme Court for life.

The economy of colonial Massachusetts developed

a number of commercial activities, especially ship-building and shipping, which produced a broad range of employment opportunities.

The essays written in support of ratifying the Constitution were published later as a book titled

The Federalist Paper

The First Continental Congress accomplished the following:

it adopted the Suffolk Resolves in 1774.

The first politcal party system consisted of the following parties:

Federalists and (Jeffersonian) Republicans

The first shots of the American Revolution were fired at Lexington, Massachusetts, in 1775.

true

The first ten amendments of the United States Constitution are known as

the Bill of Rights

The following are some of the motives that led Puritans to establish colonies in the New England area:

they wanted to establish a "Godly" society based on the Bible.

The following could be considered weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation:

it did not provide for an executive office (president) and lacked the power to levy taxes.

The following European nations possessed colonies in North America during the 1750s:

France, Great Britain, Spain.

The following legislation established a plan for the United States to settle in territories claimed by Native Americans:

the Northwest Ordinance.

The following person was one of the Indian leaders living in the "Old Northwest" in the 1790s:

Tecumseh

The following was a consequence of the battle of Saratoga:

news of the American victory prompted France to recognize American independence and sign a treaty of alliance with the United States.

The Lewis and Clark expedition

explored the territories west of the Mississippi River from 1804-1806.

The New Jersey Plan proposed

that each state should have an equal number of representatives in Congress.

The Ohio River was important to

the French because it served as a link between their colonies in Canada and Louisiana.

The peace treaty of 1783, which ended the American Revolution, recognized the following western boundary for the United States:

the Mississippi River.

The people of Massachusetts passed

the Suffolk Resolves in 1774, calling for military preparations, in response to the Coercive (or Intolerable) Acts.

The Plymouth settlers formed an alliance with Massassoit, the leader of the nearby Wampanoag Indians, in 1621.

true

The Second Continental Congress accompished the following:

it adopted the eight month army and placed George Washington in command of it in 1775.

The Shays Rebellion is considered to be significant because

it showed that a stronger national government was needed, thus leading to the Constitutional Convention.

The slogan "No taxation without representation" refers to

the American belief that elected politicans should only be allowed to pass taxes on the people who have a say in electing them.

The Sons of Liberty were tried in court for murder after killing unarmed civilians at the Boston Massacre in 1870.

false

The Stamp Act had an economic impact primarily on the following occupations:

businessmen, newspaper publishers, and attorneys.

The Supreme Court's power to declare a law of Congress unconstitutional is known as

Judicial Review.

The tendency of the British Empire to not enforce its trade (or navigation) laws too rigidly during the early 1700s was called

Salutary (or Benign) Neglect.

The term "Enlightenment" as we have studied it in this class refers to

a philosophical movement in the 1700s in which knowledge and truth could be obtained through the study of the physical world and the use of reason.

The term "Great Awakening" as we have studied it in this class refers to

a religious revival that swept throught the North American British colonies during the 1740s

The term "Great Compromise" as we have studied it in this class refers to

the compromise at the Constitutional Convention by which our modern bicameral congress was created, with each state having an equal number of representatives in the Senate and each state having a number of representatives based on its population in the House of Representatives.

The term "Great Migration" as we have studied it in this course refers to

the immigration of Congregationalist Puritans to New England (especially Massachusetts) in the 1630s.

The term "Marbury versus Madison" refers to

a supreme court case in 1803.

The term "Sons of Liberty" refers to

a group of activists who demonstrated their opposition to the Stamp act in sometimes violent ways in 1765.

The term "Strict Constructionism" as we have studied it in this class refers to

an approach to interpreting the Constitution in which the government is believed to possess only those powers specifically granted to it.