Chapter 10: Developing Countries

Tariffs

________ or nontariff barriers are used to restrict imports.

Colonialism

________- an imperialist system of physically occupying a foreign territory using military force, businesses, or settlers.

Capacity

________: the ability of the state to carry out basic tasks, including.

Imperialism

________- a system in which a state extends its powers to directly control territory, resources, and people beyond its borders.

Microedit

________- a system in which small loans are channeled to the poor through borrowing groups whose members jointly take responsibility for repayment.

Autonomy

________: the ability of the state to wield its power independently of the public.

Policy tools

________: strategic investment to build an export- based market.

Gendercide

________: sex- selective abortions; neglect of girl babies; bride burnings; witch killings.

Empire

________- a single political authority that has under its sovereignty a large number of external regions or territories and different peoples.

Middle income trap

________: a situation where countries experience economic growth but are unable to develop at a speed necessary to catch up with developed countries.

Neocolonialism

________: Indirect form of imperialism in which powerful countries overly influence the economies of less- developed nations.

Structural adjustment program

________: a policy of economic liberalization adopted in exchange for financial support from liberal organizations; typically includes privatizing state- run firms, ending subsidies, reducing tariff barriers, shrinking the size of the state, and welcoming foreign investment.

Import substitution

________- a mercantilist strategy for economic growth in which a country restricts imports in order to spur demands for locally produced goods.

Dowry tradition

________: girls are viewed as an economic burden.

Middle-income countries

historically less-developed countries that have experienced significant economic growth and democratization

Lower-income countries

countries that lack significant economic development, political institutionalization, or both

Extractive colonies

Built to extract resources from colonies and send them back to the metropole (colonizing power)

Settler colonies

A lot of Europeans settled

Export-oriented industrialization

a mercantilist strategy for economic growth in which a country seeks out technologies and develops industries focused specifically on the export market

Informal economy

a segment of the economy that is not regulated or taxed by the state