Unit 5 (Cain)

learning

the process that allows us to adapt to our environment

Classical Conditioning

associative learning where we associate two stimuli and anticipate events

Higher Order Conditioning

association of stimulus with something from another stimulus, building upon conditioned responses; aka second-order conditioning

Postive Reinforcement

increasing the frequency of a behavior by adding a positive stimulus

Negative Reinforcement

process that increases the frequency of a behavior by removing/adding a negative stimulus

Locus of Control

degree to which individuals believe they can control event in their lives

association

We learn by ____________.

conditioning; operant conditioning

Associative learning can occur with ____________ or ____________.

habit

Spontaneous recovery is the recovery of a formed ____________.

unleanred

Primary reinforcers are ____________.

consequences

Through operant conditioning, we associate our own behaviors with their ____________.

B) How to make dogs salivate at the sound of a bell

• What did Ivan Pavlov famously demonstrate through his experiments with dogs?

  • A) How to train dogs to perform tricks

  • B) How to make dogs salivate at the sound of a bell

  • C) How to teach dogs to avoid certain stimuli

  • D) How to train dogs to associate food with a light stimulus

What type of learning is concerned with the association of something from another stimulus, building upon conditioned responses?

Higher-order conditioning (Second-order conditioning)

B) decreases the likelihood of a behavior

Which of the following describes the function of punishment in learning?

• A) It increases the likelihood of a behavior.

• B) It decreases the likelihood of a behavior.

• C) It reinforces good behavior.

• D) It is unrelated to behavior modification.

C) Spontaneous Recovery

What is the term for the reappearance of a learned response after it has seemingly disappeared?

• A) Extinction

• B) Generalization

• C) Spontaneous Recovery

• D) Discrimination

True

Operant conditioning involves repeating behaviors that lead to positive outcomes. T or F

True

Ivan Pavlov found that dogs would salivate at the sound of a bell after presenting them with food immediately after several times. T or F

False

There are no biological limits to classical conditioning. T or F

False

• Observational learning can only have prosocial effects, never antisocial ones.

  • True / False