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learning
the process that allows us to adapt to our environment
Classical Conditioning
associative learning where we associate two stimuli and anticipate events
Higher Order Conditioning
association of stimulus with something from another stimulus, building upon conditioned responses; aka second-order conditioning
Postive Reinforcement
increasing the frequency of a behavior by adding a positive stimulus
Negative Reinforcement
process that increases the frequency of a behavior by removing/adding a negative stimulus
Locus of Control
degree to which individuals believe they can control event in their lives
association
We learn by ____________.
conditioning; operant conditioning
Associative learning can occur with ____________ or ____________.
habit
Spontaneous recovery is the recovery of a formed ____________.
unleanred
Primary reinforcers are ____________.
consequences
Through operant conditioning, we associate our own behaviors with their ____________.
B) How to make dogs salivate at the sound of a bell
What did Ivan Pavlov famously demonstrate through his experiments with dogs?
A) How to train dogs to perform tricks
B) How to make dogs salivate at the sound of a bell
C) How to teach dogs to avoid certain stimuli
D) How to train dogs to associate food with a light stimulus
What type of learning is concerned with the association of something from another stimulus, building upon conditioned responses?
Higher-order conditioning (Second-order conditioning)
B) decreases the likelihood of a behavior
Which of the following describes the function of punishment in learning?
A) It increases the likelihood of a behavior.
B) It decreases the likelihood of a behavior.
C) It reinforces good behavior.
D) It is unrelated to behavior modification.
C) Spontaneous Recovery
What is the term for the reappearance of a learned response after it has seemingly disappeared?
A) Extinction
B) Generalization
C) Spontaneous Recovery
D) Discrimination
True
Operant conditioning involves repeating behaviors that lead to positive outcomes. T or F
True
Ivan Pavlov found that dogs would salivate at the sound of a bell after presenting them with food immediately after several times. T or F
False
There are no biological limits to classical conditioning. T or F
False
Observational learning can only have prosocial effects, never antisocial ones.
True / False