Unit 5 (Cain)

learning allows us to adapt to our environment

we learn by association

Associative learning can occur with classical conditioning or operant conditioning

classical conditioning is the how we learn to associate two stimuli and then anticipate events

operant conditioning we lean to associate a response and its consequence; we learn to repact acts that follow good results and avoid acts that follow bad results

Ivan Pavlov found dogs would salivate at the sound of a bell after presenting them with food immediately after several times

conditioned= learned unconditional=unlearned

acquisition is the stimulus-response relationship that can link neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditional response

higher-order conditioning (aka second-order conditioning) is the association of something from another stimulus

spontaneous recovery is the recovery of a formed habit

positive and negative reinforcement occur in any situation

primary reinforcers are unlearned

condition reinforcer is gained through reinforcing power through association with primary reinforcer

humans react to delayed reinforcers

reinforcement increases behavior while punishment does the opposite

negative reinforcement increases the frequency of a preceding behavior

punishment is an event that tends to decrease the behavior that it follows

classical and operant conditioning are forms of associative learning involving acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination

through classical conditioning, we associate different stimuli we do not control, and we responded automatically

through operant conditioning, we associate our own behaviors with their consequences

there are biological limits to Classical Conditioning

Cognition matters since some people are more aware of associations they have learned

a series of events may create a state of learned helplessness

internal locus of control has influenced individuals in achieving more and acting more independently, enjoying their health, and feeling less depressed than thosw with external locus of control mentality

younger americans express more external locus of control then their parents generation and could explain depression rates, and other psychologial disorders

imitation helps us gain friends and we grasp others states of mind

prosocial=postivite/helpful

parents can easily pass down their moral beliefs to kids through observational learning

observational learning can also have antisocial effects such as repeating aggression to future generations