Annotated Stone Axe Review Lecture Notes

These flashcards encapsulate key terms and definitions based on the annotated lecture notes, designed for studying important historical figures, events, and concepts.

Franks

A group of Germanic peoples who eventually controlled northern France in the 5th century AD.

Merovech

Mythical founder of the Frankish kingdom, possibly from whom the Merovingian dynasty derives its name.

Clovis

Historical founder of the Frankish kingdom, reigning from c. 466-511 AD.

Charles Martel

Mayor of the Palace of the Merovingian kingdom, known for his victory over a Moorish scouting force at the battle of Tours in 732 AD.

Moors

North African Muslims who settled in Spain after their invasion in 711 AD.

Charlemagne

Founder of the Carolingian empire and crowned 'Emperor of the Romans' on Christmas Day, 800 AD.

Vikings

Germanic peoples from Scandinavia who explored, traded, and raided from the 8th to the 11th centuries.

Normans

A blend of local French people and Viking raiders who invaded France in the 10th century.

Hundred Years War

A series of conflicts from 1337 to 1453 between England and France.

Martin Luther

Friar and priest whose objections to the selling of indulgences led to the Protestant Reformation.

Indulgence

A pardon from God, sold by the late medieval Church at varying prices.

Absolutism

A political theory stating that the king should be the center of everything, with all power extending from him.

Feudal System

An economic and social system based on hierarchical land ownership and loyalty among different classes.

Longbow

A tall bow, made typically of yew, that was a powerful weapon for English archers.

Gunpowder

An explosive mixture used in firearms, consisting of 75% saltpeter, 15% charcoal, and 10% sulfur.

Musket

A heavier firearm with a longer barrel requiring a support rest for firing.

Parliament

A legislative body in England that emerged in the Middle Ages, consisting of two houses.

Corvus

A Roman invention used on ships, enabling boarding during naval battles.

Greek Fire

A Byzantine naval weapon that could ignite and burn even on water.

Protestant

Members of a Christian group who protested against practices of the established Catholic Church.

Lutheran

A follower of Martin Luther and his beliefs advocating reform in Christianity.