MLSP microbio

Class I biosafety cabinet

Allows room air to pass into the cabinet, operates in negative pressure, and is opened at the front.

Class II biosafety cabinet

Air flows in sheets, serving as a barrier to particles from outside the cabinet.

Vertical laminar flow BSCs

Other name for class II biosafety cabinets.

Class IIA biosafety cabinet

Self-contained cabinet where 70% of the air is recirculated.

Class IIB biosafety cabinet

Designed for handling radioisotopes, toxic chemicals, or carcinogenic samples.

Microbes

Organisms that are microscopic.

Viruses

Very simple microbes consisting of nucleic acid and proteins; dependent on host cells for survival.

Bacteria

Microbes with both DNA and RNA, metabolic machinery for self-replication, and a complex cell wall.

Fungi

Microbes subdivided into single-celled organisms (yeast) or multicelled organisms (mold).

Parasites

Microbes that can be single-celled (protozoa) or multi-celled (worms and bugs).

Dimorphic fungi

Fungi that can exist as both single-celled and multicelled organisms.

True or False: Bacteria are eukaryotic.

False.

Plasmids

Small circular molecules of extrachromosomal circular DNA.

Binary fission

Primary way of reproduction of bacteria.

0.2-2 micrometers

Diameter range of bacteria.

1 to 6 micrometers

Length range of bacteria.

Gram stain

Principal stain used for microscopic examination of bacteria that divides them into two large groups.

Hans Christian Gram

The scientist who devised the gram stain in the 19th century.

Gram positive bacteria

Bacteria that take up the basic dye and are crystal violet in color.

Gram negative bacteria

Bacteria that allow crystal violet dye to wash out easily with decolorizer.

Peptidoglycan

Another term for cell wall.

Thick

Description of the cell wall of gram positive bacteria.

Absent

Presence of lipopolysaccharides in gram positive bacteria.

Present

Presence of lipopolysaccharides in gram negative bacteria.

Purple

Color of staining for gram positive bacteria.

Red or pink

Color of staining for gram negative bacteria.

Thin

Description of peptidoglycan in gram negative bacteria.

Cocci

Bacteria with spherical shaped cells.

Bacilli

Bacteria with rod shaped cells.

Spirilla

Bacteria with spiral shaped cells.

Vibrios

Bacteria with comma shaped cells.

Fermentation

Process by which bacteria catabolize carbohydrates to produce energy.

Respiration

Process known as oxidation for bacterial energy generation.

Universal precautions

Standards followed in the collection and handling of specimens in microbiology.

Aseptic technique

Procedures that reduce contamination of microbes.

2 to 3

Number of cultures that should be done on blood during a 24-hour period.

20-30 ml

Amount of blood needed for culture on adults.

1-5 ml

Amount of blood needed for culture on infants.

Culture media

Media that can grow microorganisms.

Nutritive media

Media that supports the growth of a wide range of microorganisms.

Differential media

Media that allows distinction of microorganisms based on growth characteristics.

Fastidious bacteria

Bacteria that are hard to grow.

5% defibrinated sheep's blood

Composition of blood agar plate.

Chocolate agar

Agar used for fastidious bacteria.

Selective media

Media that supports the growth of one group of organisms but not another.

MacConkey Agar

Type of selective media that inhibits gram positive bacteria.

Columbia agar with colistin and nalidixic acid

Type of selective media that inhibits gram negative cells.

Backup broth

Used for detection of small numbers of organisms present.

Supplemental or enrichment broth

Another term for backup broth.

Mannitol salt agar

Agar used for staphylococcus species.

Bismuth sulfite agar

Agar used for salmonella species.

Thiosulfate-citrate-bile-salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar

Agar used for vibrio species.

Campylobacter agar

Agar used for campylobacter species.

35-37 C

Normal incubation temperature for bacterial cultures.

Anaerobic jars, bags, and chamber

Materials appropriate for anaerobic incubation cultures.

42-45 C

Temperature for stool cultures.

Campylobacter jejuni

Organism detected in stool cultures.