Chapter 9: The cardiovascular system

valvo

heart

atri/o

atrium (upper chamber)

sept/o

septum

ventricul/o

ventricle (lower chamber)

cardi/o

heart

coron/o

heart

angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o

vessel

aort/o

aorta

arteri/o

artery

athero/o

fatty plaque

phleb/o, ven/o

vein

tricuspid valve

connects right atrium to the right ventricle

aortic valve

connects the left ventricle to aorta

angina pectroris

oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart

arrhythmia, dysrhythmia

irregular heartbeat

palpitation

rapid or irregular beating the heart

pectoralgia

chest pain

aortalgia

pain in the aorta

diaphoresis

profuse sweating

hemorrhage

loss of blood

phlebalgia

pain in a vein

endocardium

tissue lining the inside of the heart

epicardium

tissue lining the outside of the heart

myocardium

heart muscle tissue

pericardium

tissue around the heart

bradycardia

slow heartbeat

cardiomegaly

enlarged heart

cyanosis

bluish appearance to the skin- a sign that the tissue isn’t receiving enough oxygen

mrumur

abnormal heart sound

tachycardia

rapid heartbeat

vena cava

large diameter vein that gathers blood from the body and returns it to the heart

inferior vena cava

portion of the vena cava that gathers the blood

superior vena cava

portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the upper portion of the body (head and arms)

angiogenesis

development of blood vessels

angiolith

stone forming in the wall of a blood vessel

angiopoiesis

formation of blood vessels

angiosclerosis

hardening of a blood vessel

aortectasia

dilation of the aorta

aortic stenosis

narrowing of the aorta

aortolith

stone deposit in the wall of the aorta

arteriolith

stone in the artery

arteriorrhexis

rupture of an artery

arteriosclerosis

hardening of an artery

artherogenesis

hardening of an artery due to buildup of fatty plaque

artherosclerosis

hardening of an artery due to buildup of fatty plaque

embolism

blockage in blood vessel caused by an embolus

embolus

mass of matter present in the blood

ischemia

blockage of blood flow to an organ

occlusion

closing or blockage of a passage

phlebosclerosis

hardening of a vein

thrombus

blood clot

varicose veins

enlarged, dilated, vein toward the surface of the skin

vasospasm

involuntary contraction of a blood vessel

venosclerosis

hardening of a vein

venospasm

involuntary contraction of a vein

venostasis

trapping of blood in an extremity due to compression

angiogram

record of the blood vessels

angiography

procedure to describe the blood vessels

aortogram

record of the aorta

arteriogram

record of an artery

venogram

record of a vein

angioscope

device looking into a blood vessel

cardiac catheterization

process of inserting a tube (catheter) into the heart

echocardiogram

image of the heart produced using sound waves; the same procedure as an ultrasound performed on pregnant people but performed on the heart

echocardiography

use of sound waves to produce an image of the heart; the same procedure as an ultrasound performed on pregnant people

sonography

use of sound waves to produce diagnostic images; also called ultrasound

Stress electrocardiogram

records electrical signals of the heart while the patient experiences increases of exercise stress

transesophageal echocardiogram

record of the heart using sound waves performed by inserting the transducer into the esophagus

vascular endoscopy

procedure to look inside a blood vessel

blood pressure

the fore exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels

diastolic pressure

Pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is relaxed

systolic pressure

the pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is contracting

cardiologist

heart specialist

cardiology

branch of medicine dealing with the heart

cardiovascular

pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

circulation

moving of blood from the heart thru the vessels and back to the heart

coronary circulation

circulation of blood from the heart to the to the heart muscle (heart always feeds itself first)

pulmonary circulation

circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the body

systemic circulation

circulation of the blood from the heart to the rest of the body

phlebologist

specialist in veins

phlebology

study of veins

phlebotomist

one who draws blood

phlebotomy

incision into a vein- the technical term for drawing blood

cardiotoxic

poisonous to the heart

angiocarditis

Inflammation of the heart vessels

atrial fibrilation

quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in the heart’s atrium

atrial septal defect (ASD)

flaw in the septum that divides the two atria of the heart

cardiac arrest

cessation of functional circulation

Cardiomyopathy

disease of the heart muscle

congestive cardiomyopathy

heart cavity is unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive) and becomes stretched (dilated) which causes weak/slow pumping of blood

dilated cardiomyopathy

another term for congestive cardiomyopathy

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

heart muscle becomes enlarged and blocks blood flow

restrictive cardiomyopathy

heart muscle hardens, restricting the expansion of the heart, thus limiting the amount of blood it can pump to the rest of the body

carditis

inflammation of the heart

congenital heart defect

heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive)

coronary thrombosis

obstruction of a coronary artery by a clot