protonated vs

What happens when a strong acid is added to a buffered solution?

The basic form of the buffer becomes protonated.

When a strong base is added to a buffered solution, what occurs?

The acid form of the buffer becomes deprotonated.

Why does a buffer resist changes in pH?

Its conjugate acid–base pair neutralizes added strong acids or bases.

What happens to acetate when HCl is added to an acetic acid/acetate buffer?

Acetate (CH₃COO⁻) is protonated to form acetic acid.

What is the result of adding NaOH to an acetic acid/acetate buffer?

Acetic acid (CH₃COOH) is deprotonated to form acetate.

At what stage of biological organization does the property of life emerge?

Cells.

What does it mean when glucose is dissolved in water?

Each molecule of glucose is separated from each other by water molecules.

Which of the following is NOT a weak interaction?

Polar covalent bonds.

If Solution A is pH 6 and Solution B is pH 9, which statement is true?

B has 1000x the hydrogen ion concentration than A.

What type of lipid contains several rings?

Sterol.

What functional group does every fatty acid have?

Carboxyl group.

Dehydration reactions lead to the ___ of polymers, and hydrolysis reactions lead to the ___ of polymers.

Production; breakdown.

Which carbon is always involved in going from the chain to the ring form of a molecule?

Carbon 1.

The oxygen connected to which carbon will be part of the ring in a chain to ring form conversion?

Carbon 5.

Which carbon is the anomeric carbon in the ring form?

Carbon 1.

Which carbon determines the alpha- or beta-anomer of a monosaccharide?

The carbon connecting to the hydroxyl group (typically Carbon 1 in the ring form).

What type of starch is most similar to glycogen?

Amylopectin.

What is the monomer of glycogen?

Glucose.

In a nucleotide, which carbon is bound to phosphate groups?

Carbon 5’.

Which two carbons form the covalent bond between adjacent nucleotides in DNA?

Carbons 3’ and 5’.