UNIT 1-DMH

Mental Health

The World Health Organization (WHO) state of complete physical, mental, and social wellness, not merely absence of disease or infirmity.

Mental Health

A state of emotional, psychological, social wellness evidenced by satisfying interpersonal relationships, effective behavior and coping, positive self-concept, and emotional stability.

Autonomy and Independence

The person can look within for guiding values and rules by which to live.

Maximization of one’s potential

The person is oriented toward growth and self-actualization.

Tolerance of life’s uncertainties

The person can face the challenges of day-to-day living with hope and a positive outlook despite not knowing what lies ahead.

Self-esteem

The person has a realistic awareness of his or her abilities and limitations.

Stress Management

The person can tolerate life stresses, appropriately handle anxiety or grief.

Individual factors

Includes a person’s biological makeup, sense of harmony in life. emotional resilience or hardiness, spirituality, and positive identity.

Interpersonal factors

include effective communication, ability to help others, intimacy, and a balance of seperateness and connection.

Social/Cultural factoes

include a sense of community, access to adequate resources, intolerance of violence, and support of diversity among people.

Mental Illness

The American Psychiatric Association (APA, 2000) defines a mental disorder as a “clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome”.

DSM-IV-TR

Describes all mental disorders, outlining specific diagnostic criteria for each based on clinical experience and research.

Axis I

Is for identifying all major psychiatric disorders except mental retardation and personality disorders

Axis II

Is for reporting mental retardation and personality disorders as well as prominent maladaptive personality features and defense mechanisms.

Axis IV

is for reporting psychosocial and environmental problems that may affect diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of mental disorders

Axis V

presents a Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), which rates the person’s overall psychological functioning on a scale of 0 to 100.

Later Aristotle

attempted to relate mental disorder to physical disorders and developed his theory that amounts of blood, water, and yellow and black bile in the body controlled the emotions

Early Christian Times

All disease were again blamed on demons, and the mentally ill were viewed as possessed.

The Renaissance

People with mental illness were distinguished from criminals in England.

Homelessness

Worsens psychiatric problems for many people with mental illness who end up on the streets, which contributes to a vicious cycle.

Community Support Services Programs

These programs focus on rehabilitation, vocational needs, education, and socialization, as we;; as management of symptoms and medication.

Managed care

is a concept designed to purposely control the balance between the quality of care provided and the cost of that care

Psychiatric care

long-term nature of the disorders

Medicare

covers people 65 years and older with permanent kidney failure, or with certain disabilities

Medicaid

is jointly funded by the federal and state governments and cover low-income individuals and families

Richards

is called the First American Psychiatric Nurse; she believed that “the mentally sick should be at least as well cared for as the physically sick”

Hildegard Peplau

Published “Interpersonal relations in Nursing and Interpersonal Techniques: The Crux of Psychiatric Nursing.”

Hildegard Peplau

Describes the therapeutic nurse-client relationship with phases and tasks and wrote extensively about anxiety.

June Mellow

Published “Nursing Therapy” described her approach of focusing on the client’s psychosocial needs and strengths.