Lab Exam 1

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F: Function L: Location

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152 Terms

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Abdominal
Torso (Stomach Area)
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Acromial
Shoulder
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Antebrachial
Forearm
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Antecubital
Inside of elbow
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Axillary
Armpit
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Brachial
Should to elbow (Arm)
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Buccal
Cheek
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Calcaneal
Heel
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Carpal
Wrist
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Cephalic
Head
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Cervical
Neck
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Coxal
Hip
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Crual
Middle of leg (Front)
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Digital
Toes/Fingers
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Femoral
Femur (Thigh)
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Fibular
Outside of leg
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Frontal
Forehead
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Gluteal
Butt
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Hallux
Big Toe
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Inguinal
Pelvic region
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Lumbar
Outside lower spine
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Mammary
Breast
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Manus
Hand
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Mental
Chin
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Nasal
Nose
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Occipital
Back of head
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Olecranal
Back of elbow
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Oral
Mouth
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Orbital
Eyes
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Otic
Ear
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Palmar
Palm
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Patellar
Knee
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Pedal
Foot
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Pelvic
Pelvis Region
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Plantar
Bottom of foot
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Pollex
Thumb
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Popliteal
Back of knee
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Pubic
Genital area
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Sacral
Middle lower back
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Scapular
Either side of vertebral (back)
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Sternal
Middle Chest
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Sural
Middle back of leg
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Tarsal
Ankle
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Thoracic
Chest
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Umbilical
Belly button
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Vertebral
Middle of back
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What is the Anatomical Position?
Standing up straight, looking ahead, with the palms facing forward
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Frontal/Coronal Plane
Divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections
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Sagittal Plane
Divides the body into left and right halves
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Transverse/Horizontal Plane
Divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) halves
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Superior (cranial)
Towards the head end or upper part of a structure or body; above

ex: The head is superior to the abdomen
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Inferior (caudal)
Away from the head end or toward the lower end of a structure or the body; below

ex: The navel is inferior to the chin
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Ventral (anterior)
Toward or at the front of the body; in front of

ex: The breastbone is ventral(anterior) to the spine
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Dorsal (posterior)
Toward or at the back of the body; behind

ex: The heart is dorsal(posterior) to the breastbone
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Medial
Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

ex: The heart is medial to the arm
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Lateral
Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

ex: The arms are lateral to the chest
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Intermediate
Between and more medial and a more lateral structure

ex: The collar bone is intermediate to the breastbone and shoulder
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Proximal
Closer to the origin of the body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

ex: the elbow is proximal to the wrist
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Distal
Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

ex: the knee is distal to the thigh
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Superficial (external)
\n Toward or at the body surface

ex: the skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles
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Deep (internal)
Away from the body surface; more internal

ex: the lungs are deep to the skin
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What are the two body cavities?
Dorsal Cavity and Ventral Cavity
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Dorsal Cavity
Houses and protects the brain and spinal cord
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Ventral Cavity
Houses and protects the internal organs (heart, lungs, stomach)
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What are the subdivisions of the Dorsal Cavity?
Cranial Cavity and Vertebral Cavity
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Cranial Cavity
contains the brain
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Vertebral Cavity
Contains the spinal cord
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What are the subdivisions of the Ventral Cavity?
The thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
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Thoracic Cavity
Contains the superior mediastinum, pleural cavity, and the pericardial cavity within the mediastinum
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Abdominopelvic cavity
Contains the digestive visera, and the urinary bladder, reproductive organs and rectum
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Where are the serous membranes located?
In the organs of the ventral cavity
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Serous Membranes
A thin double layered membrane; the layer adhering to the organ is called the visercal serosa and the layer adhering to the body wall is the parietal serosa. The layers are separated by a thin layer of serous fluid, which helps to reduce friction between the membrane

ex: think of a fist in a ballon--the outer ball wall is the parietal serosa, the air is the serous fluid, and the inter balloon wall is the viseral serosa
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Right Upper Quadrant (left upper side of pic)
Contains the liver and gallbladder
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Left Upper Quadrant (right upper side of pic)
Contains the stomach and spleen
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Right Lower Quadrant (left lower side of pic)
Contains the colon
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Left Lower Quadrant (right lower side of pic)
Contains the large intestine
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What are the 10 body systems?
integumentary, skeletal, lymphatic, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, digestive, reproductive, urinary
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Integumentary System
Protects deeper tissues from injury, synthesizes vitamin D

ex: Hair, Skin, Nails
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Skeletal System
protects and supports body organs, framework for the muscles

ex: joints, bones
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Muscular System
maintains posture, and produces heat

ex: skeletal muscles
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Nervous System
control system of the body, activating appropriate muscles and glands

ex: spinal cord, nerves, brain
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Endocrine System
secrete hormones that regulate growth

ex: thymus, pancreas
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Cardiovascular System
transport blood which carries oxygen, CO2, waste

ex: blood vessels, heart
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Lymphatic System
picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood

ex: spleen, lymph nodes
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Digestive System
breaks down food into absorbable units

ex: stomach, liver
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Urinary System
eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body

ex: urinary bladder, urethra
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Reproductive System
production of offspring

ex: testis, ovaries
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The most basic structure and functional component of living organisms
cells
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Plasma Membrane
exterior most boundary of the cell. Semi-permeable and allows molecules and fluids to travel through its phospholipid bilayer
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What are the components of the plasma membrane?
Glycolipids, cholesterol, proteins
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Glycolipids
found on the outer portion of the plasma membrane, important for cell identification
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Glycocalyx
Surface of cell membrane

Tells immune system that the cell is good
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Cholesterol
integral to maintaining the structure of the membrane
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Proteins
aid in enzymatic activities, and transfer of ions and molecules
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What are the two ways substances cross the plasma membrane?
Passive transport and active transport
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What are the subdivisions of passive transport?
diffusion and filtration
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Diffusion
the tendency of molecules or ions in a solution to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached
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What are the types of diffusion?
Simple diffusion, carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion, channel-mediated facilitated diffusion, and osmosis
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Tonicity
the ability of a solution to change the shape or tone of cells by altering it internal water volume
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Isotonic
cells retain their normal size and shape; contains the same solute concentration inside the cell as outside the cell