Churches

Williams criticisms of the church

• saxon clergy absent from their jobs because had multiple = pluralism

• offices were sold, favouring the rich=Simony

• nepotism

• clergy marrying when should be celibate

Williams changes

• Anglo-saxon bishops and archbishops were removed and replaced with norman’s

• New cathedrals built in more important market towns and cities such as Coventry and Lincoln

• more monasteries were built allowing more people to live spiritual lives

• Norman Church leaders influenced the messages that the Anglo-Saxon people heard about God

William's relationship

Good with pope alexander ii - promised to reform English church

by 1070 only 2 Anglo saxons bishops - often corrupt so good

Gregory vii 1073 - William refuses to swear fealty

used geld to take money from church

William rufus

exploited Church and likely gay

exiled William Bishop of St calais for treason in secular trial

did not replace lanfranc from 1089 until 1093 with anselm who preached against him

Henry i

generally good ended plundering

investiture controversy

anselm exiled 1103 Henry threatened with excommunication

solved 1107 concordat of London

revival of monasticism

60 to 250 monasteries

New orders e.g. cluniac

criticised for having secular influences from wealthy patrons

changes to monastic life

clearer hierarchy

many adopted rule of Saint benedictine = chastity, poverty, obedience = more respect for church

Anglo saxons abbots replaced

1083 Glastonbury rebellion 3 dead

language

English for peasants, Norman French inlaw, schools, Latin in government and churches