Quiz 2

Flashcards for Cell Division and Mitosis

Mitosis

Cell division process to increase the number of cells as part of development, not reproduction.

Meiosis

Cell division process to produce gametes (sperms and eggs).

G1 Phase

The phase of the cell cycle where cells are not dividing and are performing their routine functions.

S Phase

The phase of the cell cycle where DNA is being replicated.

G2 Phase

The phase of the cell cycle where DNA has been doubled and is ready for division.

M-Phase

Mitosis phase where chromosomes are separated into two daughter cells after DNA doubling.

Interphase

The collective term for G1, S, and G2 phases of the cell cycle.

G1 Checkpoint

Check point before S-phase, ensures environment is good and DNA is intact for copying.

G2 Checkpoint

Check point before mitosis, ensures all DNA has been replicated without error.

Cyclins and Cdks

Molecules that trigger mitosis through phosphorylation events.

M-Cdk

Mitotic Cyclin-dependent Kinase, triggered by cyclin binding and phosphorylation to initiate mitosis.

Ubiquitin

A chemical that labels cyclin for degradation, leading to Cdk inactivation.

Prophase

The first phase of mitosis, where chromosome condensation is completed and chromosomes become visible.

Prometaphase

The stage between prophase and metaphase, where chromosomes start to line up in the middle.

Metaphase

The phase of mitosis where chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the cell.

Anaphase

The phase of mitosis where chromosomes are separated and move toward the two poles.

Telophase

The phase of mitosis where chromosomes arrive at two poles, nucleus envelope starts forming, and cytokinesis begins.

Cytokinesis

The process where a contractile ring snaps the cell in half, resulting in two new daughter cells.

Condensin

A protein that coils DNA up to form chromosomes during DNA condensation.

Cohesin

A protein that ties sister chromosome pairs together.