MUS 347 - Jazz in America: Unit 2 Lesson 1

Early New Orleans Jazz was renowned for its ___________, __________, __________, ______

____, & __________.

Finding the probability of an event when you know the outcome is in some particular part of the ___________________________________.

__________ is an important geographical position.

New Orleans

What geographic factor(s) contributed to New Orleans becoming the birthplace of jazz.

Its proximity to the Caribbean and its location at the mouth of the Mississippi River.

How did French policies in the 1880s on race relations help enable New Orleans to become a city of music.

Race relations were more relaxed than those in the British colonies.

__________ policies on race were more relaxed than British.

French

Slaves & free blacks congregated at __________ in New Orleans.

Congo Square

New Orleans recognized mixed races as __________.

creoles of color

__________ considered themselves superior to blacks.

creoles of color

True or False: Creoles were mixed race residents who considered themselves socially superior to blacks, and often worked in skilled trades and were more connected to European culture.

true

True or False: In the 1890s, Louisiana adopted Jim Crow segregation laws, but the United States Supreme Court overturned those laws.

False

What allowed Jim Crow segregation laws to inadvertently create the conditions in which jazz was born in New Orleans?

The forced interaction between Creole and Black musicians.

__________ contributed to early jazz by introducing variable intonation improvisation & faster rhythms.

Uptown Blacks

__________ contributed to early jazz by introducing virtuosity & harmony from European music.

Downtown Creoles

Characteristics of early __________: swing rhythm, improving new notes when playing a melody, and small ensembles.

jazz

__________ is blended rhythms of Caribbean & march (band music)

swing rhythm

Early Jazz used a small ensemble consisting of __________, __________, & __________ in the frontline and guitar (or banjo), tuba, drums in the rhythm section.

trombone, clarinet, cornet (or trumpet)

Early Jazz used a small ensemble consisting of trombone, clarinet, cornet (or trumpet) in the frontline and __________, __________, & __________ in the rhythm section

guitar (or bango), tuba, drums

The two tracks recorded by "Original Dixieland Jazz Band": 1917 "__________" and 1917 "__________."

Dixie Jazz Band One-Step, Livery stable Blues"

True or False: A band named the Original Dixieland Jass Band released the first jazz recording in 1917.

true

True or False: Early New Orleans Jazz featured collective improvisation, which is when all the members of the front line improvise simultaneously.

true

In the early jazz piece "Tiger Rag" by The Original Dixieland Jazz Band, the __________ is playing a somewhat improvised version of the melody.

cornet

In the early jazz piece "Tiger Rag" by The Original Dixieland Jazz Band, the __________ is playing the obbligato, the fast moving, high pitched improvisation.

clarinet

In the early jazz piece "Tiger Rag" by The Original Dixieland Jazz Band, the __________ is sliding around between important bass notes or tailgating.

trombone

__________ plays a fast-moving higher pitched part called an obbligato.

clarinet

__________ plays the melody because it is the loudest instrument.

trumpet or cornet

__________ slides up and down between the bass notes (tailgating).

trombone

__________ Born in 1877 & died in 1931. He was known for his unprecedented power & timbre on the cornet.

Buddy Bolden

__________ is a charismatic cornetist-bandleader with a bluesy and raucous style; never recorded.

Buddy Bolden

True or False: Buddy Bolden was also called/known as "King Bolden"

true

__________ was born in 1885 in Louisiana and began hid musical career in 1905 & became the cornetist in Kid Ory's band.

King Oliver

__________ was a cornetist-bandleader who used various objects to mute his instrument and formed the popular Creole Jazz Band in 1922.

King Oliver

Who was the first celebrity in jazz?

Buddy Bolden

King Oliver created a band named __________ in 1922.

Creole Jazz Band

King Oliver's band, Creole Jazz Band, included painist __________ & young cornetist __________.

Lil Harden, Louis Armstrong

True or False: King Oliver assembled the Creole Jazz band in 1922 after he moved from New Orleans to Chicago, which included a young cornetist named Louis Armstrong.

true

The opening short intro of "__________," harmonized in two cornets.

Dippermouth Blues

__________ is fast rhythm, upbeat tempo, energetic feeling.

hot style

__________ is when rhythm section punctuates distinct beats, often to accommodate a soloist's improvisation between the band's chords.

stop time

The song "Dippermouth Blues" has __________, __________, __________, __________ and __________ throughout the song.

collective improvisation, stop time, vibrato, blue notes, and new song forms

__________ is warbling with held notes wavering up and down.

vibrato

The song "Dippermouth Blues" has a __________ form.

12-bar blues

__________ brought jazz to a high form of artistic expression. Had Influence as an instrumentalist & singer equally.

Louis Armstrong

__________ influence transcended jazz

Louis Armstrong

__________ was the most prominent innovator of jazz as a soloist's art?

Louis Armstrong

__________ had complete control over his instrument and used that control to create intense personal expression in his music.

Louis Armstrong

__________ introduced a new sense of swing to jazz. He also inserted syncopations in his solos

Louis Armstrong

Louis Armstrong usually ended his phrases with __________.

terminal vibrato

True or False: Louis Armstrong usually ended his phrases with terminal vibrato.

true

__________ is ending phrases with warbling or held notes wavering up and down.

terminal vibrato

__________ fully integrated blues into jazz.

Louis Armstrong

__________ popularized the techniques of scat singing.

Louis Armstrong

__________ is a melody or improvisation with nonsense syllables instead of lyrics

scat singing

__________ expanded the jazz repertoire.

Louis Armstrong

True or False: Louis Armstrong helped to create the style that would later be known as big band swing.

true

What song performed by Louis Armstrong rose on the pop charts?

Hello Dolly

From the very opening of the "West End Blues" by Louis Armstrong, you can hear a virtuosic trumpet solo with __________, __________, & __________. In later chorus, you can Armstrong scatting improvised countermelodies.

bright timbre, terminal vibrato, bold aesthetic

__________ is the single most important figure in the development of jazz who influenced the genre equally as an instrumentalist and singer

Louis Armstrong

__________ was an exemplary pianist and bandleader who was an early jazz innovator, style setter and best composer-arranger of the era.

Jelly Roll Morton

__________ established a reputation as a musician, composer, arranger, & band leader. He loved to brag about himself which offended many other jazz artist.

Jelly Roll Morton

True or False: Jelly Roll Morton remained a resident of New Orleans throughout his entire professional career.

false

__________ was a creole from New Orleans who began his musical career playinh piano in a brothel

Jelly

What local white band in Chicago did Jelly Roll Morton record with in 1923?

The New Orleans Rhythm Kings

What group did Jelly Roll Morton form in 1926 that featured some of the most talented and experienced players of the day?

Red Hot Peppers

The Red Hot Peppers consisted of __________ on cornet, __________ on trombone and __________ on guitar.

George Mitchell, Kid Ory, Johnny St. Cyr

"__________" by Jelly Roll Morton's Red Hot Peppers uses alternates collective improvisation with breaks that feature solo improvisation. Jelly Roll Morton also makes space for breaks for cornetist George Mitchell.

Grandpa's Spells

Musical accomplishments of Jelly Roll Morton include __________, __________, & __________.

Virtuosic pianist, Bandleader, Composer and Arranger

True or False: Jelly Roll Morton's arranging style featured alternating passages of collective improvisation without any breaks.

false

__________ is a creator of new music.

composer

__________ is someone who organizes someone else's composition.

arranger

__________ is someone who does both, create new music and organizes it.

composer-arranger

In the song "" by Jelly Roll Morton's Red Hot Peppers, Jelly Roll Morton has great control of both single note lines & chords, His rhythmic energy & control of syncopation is impeccable.

True

__________ was born in New Orleans in 1897 to a creole family. He taught himself to play the clarinet and toured Chicago in 1916 where he met composer named Will Marion Cook

Sidney Bechet

__________ First established himself as a professional clarinetist. He later picked up the soprano saxophone.

Sidney Bechet

__________ was one of the few soloist of the era to rival Louis Armstrong.

Sidney Bechet

True or False: Sidney Bechet was well loved in Europe.

True

In the song "__________" Sidney Bechet uses striking vibrato on the soprano saxophone, that kind of quivering sound, his trademark characteristic.

Cake Walking Babies From Home

Sidney Bechet introduced the instrument __________ to jazz

soprano saxophone

__________ to jazz clarinet performance to new levels.

Sidney Bechet

__________ brought bravado & virtuosity to solo performance.

Sidney Bechet

__________ was originally a clarinetist who performed in New Orleans as a child, popularized the soprano saxophone in the U.S. and Europe.

Sidney Bechet

__________ learned to play jazz as a teen by playing along with recordings. He was expelled from school in 1923 for sneaking out to hear jazz in Chicago.

Bix Beiderbecke

__________ joined the Wolverines in 1924

Bix Beiderbecke

What was the first northern band founded by white musicians to imitate the New Orleans jazz style?

The Wolverines

A group of musicians drawn to New Orleans Jazz, Including Frankie Trumbauer, Benny Goodman, and Gene Krupa where known as __________.

The Chicagoans

In the song "__________" Beiderbecke's famous solo has an almost shy playing style

Singin' the Blues

The features of Bix Beiderbecke's playing style as a solo cornetist include __________, __________, __________, and __________.

mellow timbre, melodic lyrical style, soft dynamics, pretty tone

__________ was a cornetist who joined a band in Chicago called the Wolverines, the first northern jazz band founded by white musicians.

Bix Beiderbecke