CHEMISTRY: THE MATHEMATICS OF FORMULAS AND EQUATIONS(1)
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Formulas
________ represent the composition of a substance.
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Chemists
________ use a specific collective noun to define a particular usable number of particles.
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Example problem
What is the formula mass of K₂CO₃
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K
2 x 39.1 amu = 78.2 amu
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C
1 x 12.0 amu = 12.0 amu
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O
3 x 16.0 amu = 48.0 amu
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sample problem
What is the percentage of oxygen in K₂CO₃
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K
2 x 39.1 amu = 78.2 amu
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C
1 x 12.0 amu = 12.0 amu
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O
3 x 16.0 amu = 48.0 amu
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H
2 atoms x 1 amu/atom = 2 amu
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S
1 atom x 32.1 amu/atom = 32.1 amu
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O
4 atoms x 16 amu/atom = 64 amu
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formula mass
the sum of the atomic masses of all atoms present
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percent composition
the composition of a compound as a percentage of each element compared to the total mass of the compound.
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percent mass
ratio between the mass of the solute and the total mass of the solution, expressed as a percent
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avogadro's number
6.022 x 10^23 - used to define the number of particles in a mole of a substance.
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mole (unit)
scientific unit for measuring particles in an substance.