Social Science-Section 1-People

People from the 20205-2026 Aca Deca Social Science Study Guide Section 1.

Woodrow Wilson

President during 1919. Fourteen points and League of Nations. Powerful philosopher. Former Princeton professor.

John Maynard Keynes

British economist. “Never had a philosopher held such weapons wherewith to bind the Princes of the word.”

John Pershing

“Black Jack”. Commander of the American Expeditionary Force in Europe.

Georges Clemenceau

French Prime Minister. Little patience for Wilson’s idealism.

David Lloyd George

British Prime Minister. Little patience for Wilson’s idealism.

Henry Cabot Lodge

Massachusetts Senator. The Senate Foreign Relations Committee Republican chairman and de facto majority leader of the Senate. Loathed Wilson. Friend of Theodore Roosevelt. Against the League without amendments.

Theodore Roosevelt

Wilson’s greatest rival. Political ally of Henry Cabot Lodge.

William E. Borah

Idaho Senator. “Irreconcilable” (entirely opposed to the Treaty and League). “Once having surrendered and become part of European concerns, where my friends are you going to stop?”

Edith Wilson

The first lady, Wilson’s wife. Accompanied him to France. Managed government affairs after Wilson’s stroke.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Wilson’s Assistant Secretary of the Navy. Inspired by Wilson’s League for his wartime rhetoric and postwar plans.

Samuel Gompers

Labor leader of the conservative American Federation of Labor (largest labor union in the nation).

Calvin Coolidge

Massachusetts governor. Fired striking police officers for striking against the public safety.

A. Mitchell Palmer

Attorney General. Crackdown on radicalism (Red Scare).

Ole Hanson

Seattle’s mayor. Restoring order to his city after the general strike. Sent a homemade bomb on April 28 that fails.

Thomas Hardwick

Georgia Senator. Was sent a bomb April 29 that maimed his maid and injured his wife.

J. Edgar Hoover

Tapped by Palmer to lead the FBI as a 24 year old recently graduated from law school.

Charles Schenck

A Socialist Party leader in Philadelphia. Convicted for violating the Sedition Act. Distributed leaflets to recently appointed soldiers.Celebrated the Constitution as “one of the greatest bulwarks of political liberty”. Denounced the draft as an attack on popular democracy similar to slavery. Arrested in 1917, finally heard arguments January 1919.

Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.

Supreme justice. Delivered the majority decision in Schenck v. United State. Said the pamphlet undermined the nation’s national defense. Used this argument against Debs. Changed his mind for Abrams. Championed “free trade of ideas”.

Eugene Debs

Renowned labor leader and Socialist presidential candidate. Delivered an anti-war speech in Canton, Ohio. Sentenced to 10 years in prison. Got 900,000 votes in 1920 election while in jail.

Jacob Abrams

Russian born. Prosecuted for distributing leaflets in NYC calling for a national general strike to stop American intervention against the new Bolshevik government in Russia.

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti

Italian immigrants. Anarchists charged with the murder of a security guard during an armed robbery outside of Boston. Little evidence of the crime. Referred to as “those anarchist bastards” by their judge. Put to death by Massachusetts in 1927.

Louis Armstrong

Started in New Orleans. Arrived in Chicago 1922: treated as “some kind of God”. Joined King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band (hit record “Dipper Mouth Blues”)

Duke Ellington

Composer. At New York’s iconic Cotton Club and the Roseland Ballroom. Helped define jazz.

Paul Whiteman

Bandleader with Duke Ellington. At New York’s iconic Cotton Club and the Roseland Ballroom. Helped define jazz.

Count Basie

In Kansas City, Missouri. Talented pianist. Defined Kansas City’s distinctive “swing” style.

Lt. James Reese Europe

Led the “Harlem Hellfighters” 369th Infantry Band. Introduced jazz to European audiences.

Josephine Baker

Debuted as a chorus girl in the Broadway hit Shuffle Along as a teenager. Rose to stardom as a dancer in Paris. Iconic banana skirt.

Joseph Stalin

Declared the jazz genre an expression of degenerate bourgeoisie-capitalism when he took power of Soviet Russia in 1928.

Eugene Williams

African American teenager. Chicago, July 27, 1919” swam past the invisible line separating the Black and White swimming area. Was pelted with rocks until he drowned.

Marcus Garvey

Born: 1887 St. Ann’s Bay, Jamaica. Youngest of 11. Printer’s apprentice. Inspired by Booker T. Washington. Founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association. “match fire with hellfire”, “Africa for the Africans”. Black Star Line (shipping company that went bankrupt). Convicted in 1923, deported in 1927.

W.E.B. Bu Bois

Head of UNIA’s rival: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

Andrew Volstead

National Prohibition Act to make wartime prohibition permanent (vetoed by President Wilson)

Jeanette Rankin

First woman elected to national office. Montana.

Alice Paul

Leader of the National Women’s Party. Militant protest style of the British “suffragettes”. “Kaiser Wilson”. Arrested after chaining themselves to the White House gates and then food strike in prison.

Carrie Chapman Catt

Lead the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Critic of Paul

Warren G. Harding

Owner of The Marian Daily Star small-town newspaper. Personal networking and backroom deal making.

Ohio State legislature →U.S. Senate

6th place in the Republican primaries. 36,795/10,089,307 votes.

“Return to Nomalcy”

Rejected Wilsonian internationalism. Hosted the Washington Naval Conference.

Charles Evan Hughes

Former Governor of New York, U.S. Supreme Court Justice, Republican presidential nominee. Lead the American delegation at the Washington Naval Conference.

John D. Hicks

Historian. “The eagerness of the United States to abdicate its position of world leadership, and to focus attention primarily on domestic affairs could hardly have been more eloquently expressed.”

Charles Ponzi

Italian immigrant →Boston financier

Return of 50% in 45 days and 100% in 90 days

Said his methods involved the resale of International Reply Coupons.

Really used a pyramid scheme, newly invested funds paid earlier investors.

3.5 years in federal prison. 9 years in state prison (Massachusetts).

Herbert Hoover

Mining engineer. Harding’s Secretary of Commerce. Wilson’s director of the War Food Administration.

Andrew W. Mellon

Serves in 3 Republican administrations. Leads the Treasury Department. Wealthy Pittsburgh banking and aluminum titan.

Harry Daugherty

Small-town Ohio lawyer. Harding’s campaign manager. Attorney General. Led the Ohio Gang. Resigns in 1924 facing impeachment. Avoided prison after 2 trials ending in hung juries.

Nan Britton

Young secretary. Birth’s the president’s illegitimate daughter in 1919.

Jess Smith

Daugherty’s right-hand man in the Ohio Gang. Found dead, ruled a suicide.

William Burns

Daugherty’s boyhood friend. Head of the Bureau of Investigation

Thomas Miller

Early Harding backer. Helped by Daugherty for his position as Alien Property Custodian. Accepted a $391,000 bribe.

Charles R. Forbes

Befriended Harding in Hawaii vacation. Appointed to head the Veterans’ Bureau. Sold surplus medical equipment and supplies at bargain prices. Resigned and fled the country. Later fined $10,000, incarcerated for 2 years in Leavenworth Kansas.

Albert Fall

Former New Mexico Senator. Harding’s closest colleague