anatomy chapter 3: tissues

histology

histology

study of tissues

tissue

group of cells that work together to perform a particular function

epithelial

protect, absorb, secrete

connective

connects part of the body and helps support and protect

muscle

extract force, contracts, makes movement possible

nervous

receives and carries signals/protects signal conducting cells (communication and control)

simple squamos (epithelial)

flat

simple cubiodal (epithelial)

cube (square)

simple columnar (epithelial)

column (rectangular)

stratified squamos (epithelial)

many layers

pseudostratified epithelial (epithelial)

consists of one layer of cells different height ; pseudo=false

simple squamos epithelium structure

flat, slightly irregular (lining blood vessels, heart, and lungs)

simple squamos epithelium function

secretes pericardial fluid (fluid surrounds heart) pleural fluid (cells covering lung)

stratified squamos epithelium structure

several layers: tall, cylidrical cells in lowest layer, irregular

stratified squamos epithelial function

shaped flat cells as its approaches surface ; protection of delicate surface from injury

stratified squamos epithelial location

mouth, skin, esophogus, vagina

simple cubiodal epithelium structure

equal height and width

simple cubiodal epithelium location

secretory portions if glands, kidney tubules, ducts of glands, and tissue covering of ovary

simple columnar epithelium structure

tall, closely packed together cells

simple columnar epithelium function

protects organs

goblet cells

secretes mucus and enzymes found in the lining of digestive tract

ciliated epithelium structure

modified columnar with cilia covered cell

ciliated epithelium function

movement if particles

• dust and debries up the trachea

• eggs move from ovary into oviduct

• sperm from testes through seminal tubules

psudeostratified columnar structure

single layer, nuclei are uneven which gives it a layered appearance and can have goblet cells and cilia

psudeostratified columnar location

lining air passages and tubes of the reproductive system, most of the upper respiratory tract, parts of the male urethra, ducts of large glands

transitional epithelium function

stretchable, blocks diffusion (no leaking)

transitional epithelium location

lining of the urinary bladder, ureters and parts of the urethrea

blood (connective tissue)

consists of various types of cell with fluid ground substance

connective (connective tissue)

cells in a fibrous matrix with a jellylike material

cartilage (connective tissue)

cells in a fibrous matrix with semisolid ground

bone (connective tissue)

cells in a fibrous matrix with a solid, mineralized ground substances

mast cells (type of cell in connective tissue)

prevents clots

macrophages (type of cell in connective tissue)

consumers

fibroblasts (type of cell in connective tissue)

produce fibers

collagenous (type of cell in connective tissue)

bones, ligaments, tendons

elastic (type of cell in connective tissue)

respiratory

loose connective tissue

modified columnar in a semifluid matrix

loose connective tissue location

epidermis and subcutaneous, surround nerve cells, blood vessels

loose connective tissue function

wraps and cushions organs, its phagocytes engulfs bacteria

adipose tissue (connective tissue) structure

cells have a central vacuole with a fat droplet

adipose tissue (connective tissue) function

insulates, protects, reserve supple of energy

adipose tissue (connective tissue) location

under skin, behind eyeball, around kidneys, within abdomen

blood (liquid connective tissue) structure

plasma(fluid) / solid(corpuscles)

• red corpuscles = erythrocytes (red blood cells)

• white corpuscles = leukocytes (white blood cells)

• platelets = thrombocytes

blood (liquid connective tissue) function

transports materials

fibrous connective tissue structure

closely packed while collagen ; fibers are flexible but not elastic

fibrous connective tissue function

ligaments holds bone to bone in place tendons attaches muscle to bone

hyaline cartilage (connective tissue) function

allows flexibility between bones

hyaline cartilage (connective tissue) location

ends of bones, nose, trachea, larynx, costal cartilage

matrix

cells in groups surrounded by a capsule of transparent membrane

bone (osseous tissue) (connective tissue) structure

• osteoblast - bony material

• osteoclast - reabsorbs bony material

bone (osseous tissue) (connective tissue) function

supportive framework