BIOL 1107 Top Hat Questions: Unit 2 (UGA)

1. Tyrosinase is an enzyme encoded by the TYR gene that produces a pigment called melanin, which protects us from damaging ultraviolet radiation. Which cells contain the TYR gene?

A. gametes

B. skin cells

C. muscle cells

D. bone cells

E. neurons

All the Above (A,B,C,D, & E)

2. Isoginkgetin is a substance that can interfere with spliceosomes in eukaryotic cells. Which molecules involved in gene expression would be impacted by the presence of isoginkgetin?

A. DNA

B. pre-mRNA

C. mature mRNA

D. protein

C. mature mRNA (and) D. protein

• it comes down to what the splicesome does

• happens from mature to making of proteins

3. Which of the following are mechanisms that eukaryotic cells can use to produce different proteins from one gene based on conditions?

A. enable or stop translation

B. alternative mRNA splicing

C. post-translation modification

D. allow or stop transcription

C. changes to DNA sequence

B. alternatice mRNA splicing (and) C. post-translation modification

• DNA sequences aren’t changed on purpose

4. If this entire sequence of DNA codes for amino acids and the underlined nucleotide is changed from G to C, how is this mutation categorized?

5’-TACCTTCGTAAGATGCCGCAT-3’

A. silent

B. nonsense

C. frameshift

D. missence

D. missence

• amino acid changes

5. If the base pair below is changed from C-G to A-T, how would the mutation be categorized?

promoter——————Intron——— Intron—A ———PAS-- Terminator

5’-TCGCCGAATGGTTTATACACCGCGCTCTAGTCCCGTAATA-3’

3’-AGCGGCTTACCAAATATGTGGCGCGAGATCAGGGCATTAT-5’

• ————————————————————T

A. silent

B. nonsense

C. frameshift

D. missense

A. Silent

• CUA and CUC > same amino acid

6. If one gene has all five mutations describe below, which would be the most impactful?

A. frameshift mutation in exon #3 from a single deletion

B. promoter mutation that does not affect transcription

C. missence mutation iin exon #5 that changes Glu to Val

D. Intron mutation that does not influence RNA splicing

E. nonsense mutation in exon #2 resulting in stop codon

E. nonsense mutation in exon #2 resulting in stop codon

• nonsence mutations and frameshift cause the most impactful changes

7. Hemophilia A (bleeding disorder) occurs when mutations negatively affect the F8 gene, which has 26 exons and encodes a protein involved in blood clotting. If exons 1-22 are oriented in the opposite direction as exons 23-26, what type of mutation has affected the F8 gene in this case?

A. duplication

B. Inversion

C. translocation

B. Inversion