Unit 2 APHG

Aging population

Condition with declining birth rates and death rates, leading to an older population, higher dependency ratio, and increased need for elderly care.

Agricultural Density

Number of farmers divided by arable land.

Anti-natalist policies

Measures encouraging a decrease in birth rates.

Arithmetic Density

Total population divided by land area.

Asylum Seekers

Individuals seeking refuge in a new country as refugees.

Boserup Theory

Population growth drives agricultural intensification, opposing Malthusian theory.

Carrying Capacity

Maximum population or crop a region can sustain without environmental harm.

Chain Migration

Movement of groups from a common origin to similar destinations.

Climate

Average weather conditions over many years in a location.

Contraception

Methods to prevent pregnancy or for health benefits.

Crude Birth Rate

Number of births per year per 1000 people.

Crude Death Rate

Number of deaths per year per 1000 people.

Culture

Shared behaviors, beliefs, and values of a group.

Demographic Transition Model

Theory on population change over time in societies.

Demography

Study of human population size, composition, and distribution.

Dependency Ratio

Proportion of non-working individuals relying on public services.

Economics

Study of human behavior related to wealth and resources.

Epidemiological Transition Model

Theory on health, disease, and demographic changes.

Erlich Theory

Malthusian theory predicting population crisis due to resource depletion.

Forced Migration

Movement of displaced individuals due to various reasons.

Guest Worker

Migrants with temporary work permits in a foreign country.

Immigration Policies

Government rules on immigration types and quotas.

Infant Mortality Rate

Number of infant deaths per 1000 live births.

Internal Migration

Permanent movement within a country.

Internally Displaced Persons

Individuals forced to leave homes within their country.

Intervening Obstacles

Physical or cultural barriers restricting movement.

Intervening Opportunities

Locations offering better alternatives for migration.

Landforms

Major natural landscape characteristics like plains and mountains.

Life Expectancy

Average years a person is expected to live.

Malthusian Theory

Theory on population growth outstripping resources.

Medical Care

Health-related spending and treatments.

Migration

Permanent movement of individuals between locations.

Mortality

Concepts related to death rates.

Neo-Malthusian

Belief in resource depletion due to population growth.

Physiological Density

Population divided by arable land.

Politics

Activities related to governance and political relations.

Population Doubling Time

Time for a population to double in size.

Population Pyramid

Graphic representation of population age and sex.

Pro-natalist Policies

Measures encouraging higher birth rates.

Pull Factors

Factors attracting people to immigrate.

Push Factors

Factors compelling people to emigrate.

Rate of Natural Increase

Difference between births and deaths in a country.

Ravenstein’s law of Migration

Patterns in typical migration behaviors.

Refugees

Individuals unable to return home due to persecution.

Rural-to-Urban Migration

Common historical migration pattern.

Slavery

Ownership of individuals, leading to forced migration.

Step Migration

Migration occurring in stages.

Total Fertility Rate

Average children per woman during childbearing years.

Transhumance

Seasonal movement of livestock.

Transnational Migration

Modern migration involving living in multiple places.

Voluntary Migration

Migration by choice.

Water Bodies

Various forms of aquatic features in the environment.