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Chapter 10. Emotion and Motivation
Emotion
An immediate, specific negative or positive response to environmental events or internal thoughts
Primary Emotions
Emotions that are innate, evolutionarily adaptive, and universal (shared across cultures).
Secondary Emotions
Blends of primary emotions
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
A theory of emotion stating that people perceive specific patterns of bodily responses and as a result of that perception feel emotion.
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
A theory of emotion sating that info about emotions stimuli is sent simultaneously to the cortex and the body and resultsin emotional experience and bodily reactions respectively.
Two-factor Theory of Emotion
A theory of emotions stating that the label applied to physiological arousal results in experience of an emotion.
Display rules
Rules learned through socialization that dictate which emotions are suitabale in given situations.
Motivation
A process that energizes, guides, and maintains behavior toward a goal.
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
Maslow’s arrangement of needs, in which basic survival needs must be met before people can satisfy higher needs.
Self-Actualization
A state that is achieved when one’s personal dreams and aspirations have been attained.
Drive
A psychological state that by creating arousal, motivates an organism to satisfy a need.
Homeostasis
The tendency for bodily functions to maintain equilibrium
Yerkes-Dodson
The psychological principle that performance on challenging tasks increases with arousal up to a moderate level. After that additional arousal impairs performance.
Incentives
External object or external goals, rather than internal drives that motivates behaviors.
Extrinsic Motivation
Motivation to perform an activity because of the external goals toward which the activity is directed
Intrinsic Motivation
Motivation to perfrom an activity because of the value or pleasure associated with that acivity, rather than for an apparent external good or purpose.
Self-Efficacy
The belief that effort toward a goal will result in success.
Need to Belong
The need for interpersonal attatchments, a fundamental motive that has evolved for adaptive purposes.
Cognitive Dissonance
The unpleasant feeling of being aware of holding two conflicting beliefs or a belief that conflicts with a behavior.
Well-Being
A postive state that includes striving for optimal health and life satisfaction.
Stress
A type of response that typically involves an unpleasant state, such as anxiety or tension.
Stressor
Something in the external siutation that is perceived as threatening or demanding and therfreore produces stress.
Fight or Flight Resposne
The physiological prepardness of animals to deal with danger by either fighting or fleeing.
General Adaptation Syndrome
A consistent pattern of response to stress that consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
Allostatic Load
The culumative “wear and tear” on biological systems, including the stress, digestive, immune, cardivascular, and hormonal system,and others, after repeated or chronic stressful events.
Tend-and Befriend Response
The tendency to protect and care for offspring and form social alliances rather than fight or flee in responses to threat.
Type A Behavior Pattern
A pattern of behavior characterized by competitiveness, achievement, orientation, aggressivenes, hositility, restlessness, impatience, w/ others, and inability to relax.
