Liver Function Tests and Metabolism of Bilirubin

Flashcards for reviewing liver function, enzyme tests, and related metabolism.

Liver

An organ that performs various functions including detoxification, metabolism, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion.

Liver Function Tests (LFTs)

Tests used to assess liver function and detect liver injuries or diseases.

Synthetic Function

The liver's ability to synthesize plasma proteins, cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins.

Detoxification and Excretion

The process by which the liver converts ammonia to urea and excretes various substances including bilirubin.

Bilirubin

A yellowish pigment formed from the breakdown of red blood cells; high levels can indicate liver dysfunction.

Prothrombin Time (PT)

A test that measures how long it takes blood to clot; prolonged PT can indicate liver dysfunction.

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

An enzyme primarily found in the liver; elevated levels suggest hepatocellular damage.

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

An enzyme found in various tissues including the liver; elevated levels can indicate liver damage.

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

An enzyme associated with the liver and bones; high levels can suggest obstruction or liver disease.

g-glutamyltransferase (GGT)

An enzyme that helps in the metabolism of glutathione; high levels can indicate liver disease or alcohol abuse.

Hepatocellular disease

Liver disease characterized by damage to liver cells.

Cholestasis

A condition where bile flow is obstructed, leading to biochemical abnormalities.

Cirrhosis

Severe scarring of the liver often due to chronic liver disease.

Jaundice

A condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes due to high bilirubin levels.

Steatosis

A condition also known as fatty liver disease, where excess fat builds up in liver cells.

Urobilinogen

A byproduct of bilirubin metabolism, typically excreted in urine.

Albumin

The most abundant protein in blood plasma, synthesized in the liver; important for maintaining oncotic pressure.

Globulin

A group of proteins in the blood that play roles in liver function and immune response.

A/G ratio

The albumin to globulin ratio, an important indicator of health that can help diagnose liver disease.