Religion chapter 2 test

Inuit

• Inuit are people who live in Arctic Canada.

• Inuit means “people” in the Inuktitut language, and is used to refer to more than one person

• when referring to a single person, use the term “Inuk” which means “person”.

The eagle

• eagle flew highest and saw the creator

• Most sacred animal

The Indian Act

• 1876

• set out the federal government’s responsibility for education of status Indian children 6-28 allowing residential schools to ne set up

Assimilate

• Absorb one group into the culture of another

Indigenous

• is essentially the same as aboriginal, but with emphasis on being to original inhabitants of a place, or ‘belonging’ to the land - Indigenous languages, indigenous peoples of the world

Shaman / medicine person

• religious leaders who call upon the supernatural in order to treat diseases.

• A shaman may also intercede with the supernatural at the request of an individual society.

eagle feather

• allows opportunities to be heard respectfully

• eagle is a divine messenger

• symbolizes the power of words

• person holding the feather gets to speak

Aboriginal

• of native ancestry, inhabiting or existing in a land from the earliest times and before colonists/ Europeans

vision quest

• an intense, solitary spiritual experience for those seeking direction in life

• they must undertake the vision quest to be accepted as adults in the community

trickster

• A character in the mythologies of many North American peoples.

• plays a role in the creation of the world (not the creator)

• can be mean and generous

• acts as if there is no moral value

• often pleasure seeking and a troublemaker

• credited for giving earth its current form

the secret pipe

• This is one of the most powerful and sacred spiritual rituals

• The pipe symbolizes unity and harmony of the world.

  • the bowl of the pipe represents truth, and the stem represents the way to live in harmony and balance with all of creation.

  • When lit, all the pipe contains is delivered over to the fire which is the Great Spirit

• Smoking the pipe stresses the unity of everything

Inuksuit/ Inukshuk

• stone figures found throughout the circumpolar world.

• the singular of an inuksuit means “in the likeness of a human”

• made from unworked stone

• used for communication and survival

• means “you are on the right path”

animism

• belief that all things (animate and inanimate) have spirits or souls.

Thanksgiving

• adopted by non-aboriginal peoples as Thanksgiving

• Celebrates a successful harvest

the sacredness of hair

• Hair sometimes braided; the three strands signify body, mind, and spirit

• cut hair can be a sign of mourning

totem pole

• expression of cultural pride and traditions in addition to a representation of clan kinship

• Can depict myths or legends of the clan, honour important deeds or events, genealogy, memorials, or for shame

the healing circle

Metis

• Metis traditionally referred to the descendants of Indigenous women and fur traders, but many people with mixed First Nations and European ancestry now use the term to identify themselves.

“The Mush Hole”

• Mohawk institute residential school

• First opened residential school

• Brantford

• food was so disgusting it was describes as mush

the Northern Lights

• believed to be spirits of those who have passed dancing in the sky

First Nations

A more appropriate replacement for “Indian”, which many Indigenous peoples find offensive. It applies to status and non-status Indians and can also refer to bands (for ex: the First Nations people in the Lake Superior region” and “the Curve Lake First Nation”). The term does not include Inuit or Metis.

Turtle Island Creation Story

drums

• represents the pulse of mother earth/ the universe

• provide life through the beat

• are circular because circles are sacred

• used in ceremonies

• dancing intended for the renewal of all creation

the Gradual Civilization Act

• made to assimilate Indigenous people into European culture

Explain The Seven Grandfather Teachings

• Wisdom - beaver

• Love - Eagle

• Respect - Buffalo

• Bravery - Bear

• Honesty - Sabe/ Bigfoot

• Humility - Wolf

• Truth- Turtle

3 facts about the smudging ceremony and list the four sacred medicines used in the ceremony

1. a holy act that is a part of many rituals

2. sacred herbs are burned in a shell or earthen bowl, smoke is brushed over participants

3. It is used as a cleansing smoke to purify people and places, such as before a wedding or powwow

• cedar

• sweetgrass

• sage

• tobacco

why were residential schools created

• to assimilate Indigenous children into European culture

• to kill the “Indian” in the child

Give 3 examples of what occurred within residential schools

• sexual, emotional, physical, and mental abuse

• children were not allowed to speak their own language

• children were separated from their families

• children were raped, harmed, and killed

How long did residential school last in Canada

• from 1863 to 1996

• 133 years

2 key points about the potlatch ceremony

• increases the hosts standing in the community and highlights the hosts generosity, wealth, and power

• A festival that celebrates a special event such as a birth, wedding, or commemorates a death

Explain the Great Spirit/ Great Mystery (Wakan Tanka, Orenda Manitou)

• All power comes from a common origin

• the same energy inhabits all things

Give two facts about the Sun Dance ceremony.

• Its purpose is renewal of dedication to the Great Spirit

• Celebrated by peoples of the Prairies in June or July, during the full moon

Explain the Feast of the Dead.

• held for the spirit of the person who died

• celebrated each autumn to remember all who died during the previous year,

• food is placed in an open area outside

• A place is set for the deceased

Give two key points about the powwow.

• a dance of renewal for restoration of right relationships and healing of all creation

• Dancers and singers enter the circle from the east, where the sun rises, and move clockwise in the same direction as the sun

Explain and know the parts and purpose of the Medicine Wheel.

• circle represents the continuous cycle of life and the connection among all species

• The cross points in the four directions

• used as a tool to teach younger generations about who they are, where they come from, their place in the world, and how they relate to each other/ all living things

Who are the Elders and what is their role?

• teachers, advisors, guardians of traditions

• not always the oldest of their tribe

• honoured for their wisdom, experience, teaching, and insight

In what region of Canada do most Indigenous people live?

What was the role of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)?

• To hear the stories and reconcile with Indigenous people

Explain the purpose of sweat lodge ceremony. Give three points to support

your response.

• purify the body, mind, spirit, and heart

• restore right relationships with self, others, and Creator

• sweat lodge is a sacred space

  • place of spiritual refuge and healing

  • womb of Mother earth

    • innocence of childhood

• closed structure

• pit with heated rocks

• leader pours water on hot rocks to create steam

• participants sing, pray, talk, or meditate as they sit

How do Indigenous Peoples measure time? (Hint: think about a shape is)

• time is seen as circular

• everything is interconnected

What method is used to pass stories down from generation to generation?

• oral teachings

Give two facts about Blessed Kateri Tekakwitha.

• smallpox took the lives of her family leaving her orphaned, permanently weakened, scarred, and partially blind

• First North American female saint to be canonized

Give the three moral principles/ethics that guide life for Indigenous

peoples.

• Do not interfere

  • Modelling behavior and showing by example are valued.

  • ordering, giving advice, telling someone what to do etc are not

• The community is important

  • everyone must do their jobs well

• Everything is shared

  • only take what you need, leave some for others

  • everyone is equal

Explain the Sacred Pipe Ceremony. Know the meaning/significance of the

pipe, stem, and bowl.

• spiritual ritual symbolizing unity, and harmony of the world

• Bowl represents the truth

• Stem represents the way to live in harmony and balance with all of creation

• when lit, all the pipe contains is delivered over to the fire which is the Great Spirit

• Smoking the pipe stresses the unity of everything