Mod 13: Mixtures and Solutions

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31 Terms

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solution
another name for a **homogeneous mixture.**

the result when you mix a solvent and solute
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solute
what dissolves in a substance
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miscible
meaning (liquids) soluble in each other in __any proportion__
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insoluble
doesn’t dissolve in substance. leads to a **heterogeneous mixture**
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immiscible
two (liquids) that can be mixed, but separate after
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suspensions
contain **large-sized particles** that __settle out__ if left undisturbed.
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colloids
**medium-sized particles** that __doesn’t settle out__

*particles stay within substance + can’t be filtered out*
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Brownian motion
jerky random movements of particles in a liquid colloid from the results of particle collisions
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Tyndall effect
scattering of light by dispersed colloid/suspension particles
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concentration
measure of how much solute dissolved in a specific solvent/solution
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diluted
small concentration of solute
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concentrated
large concentration of solute
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molarity
molarity
number of moles of a solute dissolved per liter of a solution
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parts per million
parts per million
**ppm**. used to express extremely small concentrations
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dilutions
dilutions
the adding of more solvent in ____ **doesn’t change the solute’s amount of moles**
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solvation
the **dissolving process**. called *hydration* within water.

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the surrounding of solute particles with solvent particles, forming a solution. __breaks apart__
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heat of solution
overall energy change that occurs during solution formation process

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either warmer or cooler __depending on the solution dissolved__
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agitation
stirring or shaking. __increases the rate of solvation__
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surface area
more particles broken from dissolving = more ____. allows more collision between particles + __increases rate of solvation__
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temperature
increases kinetic energy in particles, and __increases solubility.__

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**does the opposite for gases** → gases are less soluble at higher __.
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solubility
describes the ability to dissolve in a substance.

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depends on __nature of solution__ and __temperature__
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Henry’s Law
Henry’s Law
solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to pressure

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S = g/L
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unsaturated
When a solution contains less dissolved solute than what can dissolve for a given temperature and pressure, it is called a ____ solution.

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**more solute can be dissolved**
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saturated
When a solution has the maximum amount of dissolved solute for a given amount of solute at a specific temperature and pressure, it is called a ___ solution

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**no more solute can be dissolved**
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supersaturated
When a solution contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution, it is called a ___ solution.

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**formed at high temperatures then slowly cooled**

(unstable) → forms a crystal
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colligative properties
physical properties of solutions affected by number of particles but not by the identity of dissolved solute particles
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electrolyte
ionic compounds that **dissociate** (not dissolve).

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produces more mols of each element involved in substance

“strength” is determined by **how many particles dissociate**
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nonvolatile solute
a solute that has little tendency to become a gas.

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*When added to a solvent, creates colligative properties*
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vapor pressure lowering
the lowering of a solvent’s vapor pressure due to __interference from a nonvolatile solute__
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boiling point elevation
the temperature difference between a solution’s boiling point and a pure solvent’s boiling point
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freezing point depression
difference in temperature between a solution’s freezing point and its pure solvent’s freezing point