The Age Of The City

Explain why African Americans, Eastern Europeans, and Western Europeans moved to industrial cities

African Americans moved to industrial cities in search of jobs and economic opportunities. Eastern and Western Europeans moved to industrial cities to escape poverty, famine, and persecution in their home countries and to find work in the factories and mills.

Explain how communities impacted immigrants

* offered familiar things such as newspapers and theaters in their native language.


* Stores sold native food


* churches provided connections to their home country.

Explain how Americans tried to assimilate immigrants

 by enabling the school programs to teach kids English, American history, and culture.

Nativist

someone who advocates for the protection of native-born citizens and opposes immigration.

The Immigration Restriction League

a nativist organization that sought to limit immigration to the United States.

Explain why parks were so important and give an example of a great park

they provided open spaces and fresh air in the midst of crowded and polluted cities. Central Park in New York City is an example

Explain the housing of the rich, the middle class, and the poor in cities. Also explain where in the cities they would live

The rich lived in large mansions in the suburbs or in exclusive neighborhoods within the city. The middle class lived in smaller houses or apartments in the city's outer neighborhoods. The poor lived in crowded tenements in the city's slums.

Explain what type of buildings were created for the rich and why

The rich lived in large mansions or townhouses that were built to show off their wealth and social status. These buildings were often ornately designed and featured luxury amenities.

Tenement Housing

overcrowded and unsanitary housing that was built to house large numbers of poor immigrants.

Jacob Riis

a journalist and photographer who exposed the living conditions in New York City's tenements in the late 19th century.

Explain how mass transit changed in the age of the city

introduction of electric streetcars and subways made it easier for people to travel throughout the city and led to the growth of suburbs.

Explain how fires impacted cities and how they tried to solve that problem

* Fires led to widespread devastation and loss of life
* Cities responded with fire prevention measures like building codes, fire-resistant materials, and sprinkler systems.

Explain why disease was common in cities

* unsanitary conditions
* scarce running water
* poor ventilation
* overcrowding unsafe buildings

What is the purpose of the PHS

to promote public health and prevent the spread of disease.

Salvation Army

a Christian organization that provides social services such as food and shelter to those in need.

Explain how cities tried and failed to solve the problem of poverty

social welfare programs such as soup kitchens and housing assistance. However, these programs were often underfunded and overwhelmed by the scale of the problem.

What is a political boss and how do they influence politics

a person who controls a political machine and uses his power to influence political decisions and gain personal wealth and power.

Boss Tweed

a notorious political boss who controlled the Democratic Party in New York City in the late 19th century.

What is Mass consumption and why did it come about during this time

Mass consumption is the widespread consumption of goods and services by the general population. It came about during this time due to the growth of industrialization and the expansion of the middle class.

Sears Catalog

a mail-order catalog that allowed people to purchase goods from their homes and have them delivered.

Explain why women were important consumers

they were responsible for managing household finances and purchasing goods for their families.

The National Consumers League

an organization that advocated for the rights of consumers and worked to improve working conditions for women and children.

Simon Patten

an economist who advocated for the growth of consumerism and argued that increased consumption would lead to economic growth.

Identify and explain the rise of spectator sports/and who was interested in these sports

The rise of spectator sports began in the late 19th century with the growth of professional baseball and football. These sports were popular among working-class and middle-class Americans.

D.W Griffith

a filmmaker who pioneered many of the techniques used in modern filmmaking.

Coney Island

popular amusement park in New York City that attracted millions of visitors each year.

Charles Darwin

a biologist who developed the theory of evolution and natural selection.

Explain how and why education is on the rise in America

* Women also began to gain access to education
* America saw a massive increase in wealth and prosperity
* The Morrill Act of 1862
* The Hatch Act of 1887 provided federal funding to support these institutions.
* driven by industrialization, which required a more educated workforce.

Morrill Land Grant of 1862

provided federal funding for the creation of colleges and universities that focused on agriculture and engineering.

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Women in college

* pursued fields such as teaching, nursing, and social work.
* obstacles: limited opportunities for formal education and societal attitudes that viewed women's education as unnecessary or even harmful to their health.