Data Collection Lecture Notes

Flashcards about data collection.

Data Collection

A broad process including ethical considerations, sampling strategy, data collection methods, recording information, field issues, and data storage.

The Data Collection Circle

A series of interconnected steps rather than a linear process in qualitative research.

Three Key Ethical Principles

Respect for individuals, welfare, and justice.

Anonymity in Research

Ensuring anonymity by using pseudonyms.

Informed Consent

Informing participants about the study's purpose and their right to withdraw.

Minimizing Harm and Mutual Benefits

Providing information on workers' rights or connecting them to support organizations.

Handling Sensitive Information

Respecting the participant's request and avoiding the use of sensitive disclosures without consent.

Navigating Ethical Dilemmas

Balancing confidentiality with ethical responsibility.

Cultural Sensitivity and Fair Representation

Being mindful of cultural norms and accurately representing participants’ perspectives.

Narrative Study Participant Requirement

Must be accessible and willing to share their stories.

Phenomenology Study Participant Requirement

Participants must have firsthand experience of the phenomenon and be able to share their experiences.

Grounded Theory Participant Requirement

Participants should have experienced the process being studied; diverse perspectives help develop categories in data analysis.

Ethnography Participant Requirement

The researcher should immerse themselves in the cultural group to understand shared values and beliefs.

Case Study Focus

A single case or multiple cases can be studied.

Institutional Approval

Ensuring ethical treatment of research subjects.

Gatekeeper

Provides initial access and trust to the target group.

Narrative Study Access

Requires permission to share personal stories.

Phenomenological Study Access

Requires access to individuals who have experienced the phenomenon.

Grounded Theory Study Access

Requires rapport so participants provide in-depth insights into a process.

Ethnographic Study Access

Requires gradual immersion in a cultural group.

Case Study Access

Requires access to specific sites, events, or individuals.

Narrative Research Sampling

Selection is based on convenience, political importance, or unique lived experiences.

Phenomenology Sampling

Only participants who have experienced the phenomenon are included.

Grounded Theory Sampling

Choosing participants who contribute to theory development.

Ethnography Sampling

Observing everyone first and later opportunistic sampling (selecting key members).

Case Study Sampling

Uses maximum variation sampling to capture multiple perspectives or extreme case sampling for unique cases.

Typical Case Sampling

Selecting individuals who represent a common experience within a group.

Extreme or Deviant Case Sampling

Studying individuals with unique or extraordinary experiences to gain deeper insights.

Snowball Sampling

Identifying key participants who then refer the researcher to others with similar experiences.

Convenience Sampling

Choosing participants who are readily available, though this may limit the depth of findings.

Criterion Sampling

Ensuring all participants meet a set of predefined criteria related to the phenomenon.

Homogeneous Sampling

Selecting a group of individuals with shared characteristics to allow for in-depth exploration of their experiences.

Maximum Variation Sampling

Including participants with diverse experiences of the phenomenon to capture a wide range of perspectives.

Theoretical Sampling

Selecting participants based on emerging findings, allowing the researcher to refine and develop the theory.

Confirming and Disconfirming Cases

Seeking participants who either support or challenge the developing theory.

Big Net Approach

Initially engaging with a broad range of individuals before narrowing the focus.

Stratified Purposeful Sampling

Dividing cases into subgroups for comparison.

Data Storage Principals

Store backup in multiple locations and protect participants' anonymity.