Units 6-9 Anchors

Germ Theory

Mid-19th century (1850s)

Urban Planning

19th century, notably after the Industrial Revolution (circa 1800s)

Austro-Prussian War

1866

Franco-Prussian War

1870-1871

German unification

1871

The Crimean War

1853-1856

Age of Nationalism

19th century—specifically 1848 onward

French Third Republic

1870-1940

Start of 'New Imperialism'

Late 19th century (circa 1870s)

Berlin Conference

1884-1885

WWI

1914-1918

Bolshevik Revolution

1917

The Great Stock Market Crash

1929

The Great Depression

1930s

The invasion of Poland

1939

WWII

1939-1945

D-Day

June 6, 1944

Cold War

1947-1991

Hungarian Revolt

1956

Czechoslovakian revolt

1968

Solidarity Movement

1980s

Revolutions of 1989

1989

Collapse of the Soviet Union

1991

Treaty of Versailles

1919

Jeremy Bentham

Philosopher known for his advocacy of utilitarianism.

Edwin Chadwick

Social reformer concerned with health and sanitation.

Louis Pasteur

Pioneer in microbiology and vaccination; developed germ theory.

Georges Haussmann

Urban planner known for transforming Paris.

Emile Zola

Novelist associated with literary naturalism and social criticism.

Napoleon III

2nd French Empire

Cavour

Italian statesman considered a leading figure in the unification of Italy.

Garibaldi

National hero who played a key role in Italian unification.

Bismarck

Prussian statesman who unified Germany and implemented Realpolitik.

Tsar Alexander II

Elimination of serfdom, creates Zemstvos (local govts), seen as halfway measures as Zemstvos under control of Boyars and Serfs not given private ownership of land

Benjamin Disraeli

Reform Bill of 1884, universal male suffrage, unions

William Gladstone

Home Rule Bill for Ireland

Edward Bernstein

Political theorist associated with revisionist socialism.

Joseph Conrad

Novelists known for his works exploring imperialism and morality.

Rudyard Kipling

Author and poet, best known for his works about British imperialism.

Kaiser Wilhelm II

fires Bismarck, does not renew reinsurance treaty w/ Russia (France and Russia ally, Germany surrounded on 2 sides), loses WWI

Tsar Nicholas II

Loses to Japan, forced to create Duma, loses WWI, last Tsar of Russia.

Vladimir Lenin

Russian exile, funded by Germans to return to Russia and launch Bolshevik revolution, ends war with Germany via the Treaty of Brest

Leon Trotsky

Lenin’s right hand man

David Lloyd George

British PM who negotiated Versailles

Nietzsche

Philosopher known for his critique of traditional moral values.

Sartre

Philosopher and playwright, a leading figure in existentialism.

Monet

Famous painter, known for pioneering Impressionism.

Chamberlain

British Prime Minister associated with appeasement before WWII.

Gustav Stresemann

German Foreign Minister (1923-1929), moderate interwar leader

Leon Blum

French Prime Minister known for leading the Popular Front government.

Joseph Stalin

WW2, mass murderer

Mussolini

Italian dictator and founder of fascism.

Hitler

Leader of Nazi Germany and instigator of WWII.

Churchill

British Prime Minister known for his leadership during WWII.

Nikita Khrushchev

De Stalinization, sent the tanks into Hungary, Cuban Missile Crisis, “Peaceful Coexistence”

Gorbachev

Last leader of the Soviet Union known for reforms like Perestroika.

Walesa

Leader of Solidarity movement in Poland, later President.

Thatcher

British Prime Minister known for her conservative policies and economic reforms.

Klemens von Metternich

Arch-Conservative, concert of Europe

Louis Phillipe I

Last king of France

Sergei Witte

Russian Industrialist who builds factories and railways

Duma

Russian legislative assembly established after the 1905 Revolution.

Reform Bill of 1884

Legislation that expanded male suffrage in Britain.

Home Rule Bill for Ireland

Legislation aimed at granting Ireland self

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

ended wwi involvement for russia

Clemenceau

French PM end of of WW1, at Versailles

Francisco Franco

Fascist dictator of Spain

Konrad Adenauer

Chancellor of post war Germany, reconstruction of Germany

Leonid Breshnev

Sent in the tanks to Czechoslovakia

Alexander Dubcek

Czechoslovak reformer, failed

Willy Brandt

Chancellor of Germany, Detente, went to Poland