Chem. S1 Ch. 1 & 2

. ___ is a logical approach for solving problems by observing and collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and formulating theories that are supported by data.

scientific method

___ in science is more than a physical object; it is often an explanation of how phenomena occur and how data or events are related.

model

___ is a testable statement that is the basis for making a prediction.

hypothesis

___ is a broad generalization that explains a body of facts or phenomena.

theory

How many significant figures are in this number? 0.000 39

2

How many significant figures are in this number? 510 000

2

How many significant figures are in this number? 5100

4 sig. figs.

27. How many significant figures are in this number? 10.00

4

Define Chemistry.

the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes.

Give 3 of the 6 branches of chemistry

organic, inorganic, physical, analytic, biochem, theoretical

Define chemical.

A chemical is any substance that has a definite composition.

If someone is trying to solve the problem of too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, what kind of research are the performing?

applied

If someone if using science to improve the speed of computers, what kind of research are they performing?

technological

If someone is studying motor proteins in the cell, just to learn more about motor proteins, what kind of research are they performing?

basic

___ is a measure of the amount of matter.

mass

___ has mass and takes up space.

matter

___ is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element.

atom

___ is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances and is made of only 1 type of atom.

element

___ is a substance that can be broken down into simple substance.

compound

If the property is extensive, check the box, if the property is intensive, do not check the box.

volume, mass

If the property is physical, check the box, if the property is chemical, do not check the box.

color, mass, texture

A solid has

definite size and definite shape

a liquid has

definite size and indefinite shape

A gas has

indefinite size and indefinite shape

melting is

solid to liquid

freezing is

liquid to solid

evaporation is

liquid to gas

sublimation is

solid to gas

condensation is

gas to liquid

In the following reaction, what are the reactants? oxygen + hydrogen ➡ water

oxygen and hydrogen

In the following reaction, what are the products? oxygen + hydrogen ➡ water

water

T or F: The law of conservation of matter states that matter can not be created or destroyed, but it can change form.

true

T or F: The law of conservation of energy states that matter can be created or destroyed, but it can not change form.

false

a gold coin (24K) is (pick 2)

pure substance, element

salt water is (pick 2)

mixture, homogeneous

chicken noodle soup is (pick 2)

mixture, heterogeneous

On the periodic table, vertical columns are called?

groups or families

On the periodic table, horizontal rows are called?

periods

Which is true for metals

all the above

Which is true for nonmetals

none of the above

On the periodic table, what is the name of group 18 elements?

noble gases