Nervous System Review (HSTC)

Balance, posture, muscle tone

cerebellum

thought, memory, judgement

cerebrum

eye reflexes

midbrain

chewing, tasting, saliva production

pons

heart rate, breathing, blood pressure

medulla

sensory relay station

thalamus

temperature, hunger, water balance

hypothalamus

i keep you breathing even when you sleep

medulla

i help you walk in a straight line

cerebellum

i decide what memories to keep

cerebrum

i control hunger and thirst

hypothalamus

i help your eyes react to light

midbrain

i taste your food before you swallow it

pons

i send messages to the right place in the brain

thalamus

increased heart rate

sympathetic

fight or flight response

sympathetic

Respirations go up while digestion goes down

sympathetic

dilated pupils

sympathetic

increased bpm

sympathetic

slower respirations

parasympathetic

slower heart rate

parasympathetic

constricted pupils

parasympathetic

faster digestion

parasympathetic

slower bpm

parasympathetic

1st step of cerebrospinal fluid flow

ventricular circulation (production & movement)

2nd step in cerebrospinal fluid flow

exit to subarachnoid space (distribution)

3rd step in cerebrospinal fluid flow

reabsorption into the bloodstream (return to blood)

i am the tough outer layer

dura mater

i look like a spider web

arachnoid mater

i cling tightly to the brain

pia mater

i hold cerebrospinal fluid

skull

i cushion and protect the CNS

brain tissue

tremor, rigidity, shuffling gait

parkinson’s

brain damage at birth

cerebral palsy

arms/legs paralysis

CVA (stroke)

fluid buildup in ventricles

hydrocephalus

loss of voluntary muscle control

ALS (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)

Myelin sheath degeneration

multiple sclerosis

viral nerve inflammation

Shingles (from chicken pox)

wrist pain/tightening

carpal tunnel syndrome

lower body paralysis

paraplegia

full body paralysis

quadriplegia

one-sides paralysis

hemiplegia

Does it affect the CNS or PNS? - Parkinson’s

PNS

Does it affect the CNS or PNS? - CP (cerebral palsy)

CNS

Does it affect the CNS or PNS? - CVA (stroke)

CNS

Does it affect the CNS or PNS? - hydracephalus

CNS

Does it affect the CNS or PNS? - ALS

PNS

Does it affect the CNS or PNS? - MS

CNS

Does it affect the CNS or PNS? - Shingles

PNS

Does it affect the CNS or PNS? - Carpal tunnel

PNS

Does it affect the CNS or PNS? - paraplegia

CNS

Does it affect the CNS or PNS? - quadriplegia

CNS

Does it affect the CNS or PNS? - Hemiplegia

CNS

function of the cerebellum

muscle coordination, balance, posture, muscle tone

part of the neuron that recives impulses

dendrite

autonomic division that increase heart rate

sympathetic nervous system

disorder caused by myelin degeneration

MS

Innermost meningeal layer

pia mater

the nerve cell or ___ is the functional cell in the nervous system.

neuron

Most electrical conduction in the body is due to the transmission of impulses by the___

neuron

the neuron consists of branches structures called ___

dendrites

the main portion of the nerve cell is called the ___

soma/nerve cell body

the elongated part of the neuron is ___

axon

two neurons are connected by gaps called-

synapses

the nerve cell body is the metabolic center of the cell consisting of a nucleus, an endoplasmic reticulum called the-

nissl bodies

a region where the axon attaches is the-

axon hillock

the most obvious features of a lateral view of the brain are the lobes of the cerebrum and the -

cerebellum

the most anterior lobe is the ___

frontal lobe

responsible for intellect and abstract reasoning, among other things

frontal lobe

the division between the frontal lobe and the ____ is the ____

parietal lobe, central sulcus

just anterior to the central sulcus is the ____, an area that sends motor impulses to muscles of the body

gyrus

Just posterior is the central sulcus in the ___

postcentral gyrus

The____recieves sensory information from the body

postcentral gyrus

on the lateral aspect of the brain is the ____

lateral fissure

inferior to the lateral fissure is the___

temporal lobe

hearing, taste, smell, and the formation of memories all have centers at the___

temporal lobe

the most posterior part of the cerebrum is the _____

occipital lobe

visual interpretation areas

occipital lobe

sexual and emotional behavior (aggression)

amygdala

short term memories

hippocampus

processes auditory information including language

temporal lobe

governs muscle movement, personality and behavior, cognitive functions

frontal lobe

integrates sensory information, coordinates both conscious and unconscious activity

PNS, CNS

The nervous system is broken up into two parts

peripheral nervous system, CNS

promotes rest and recovery by conserving energy and slowing body activity

parasympathetic nervous system

prepares the body for stress by increasing activity and alertness

sympathetic ns

controls voluntary skeletal muscle movement

somatic ns

controls involuntary body functions like heart rate and digestion

autonomic nervous system

carries sensory information from receptors to the brain and spinal cord

sensory ns

carries commands from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands

motor ns

carries information between the central nervous systema nd the rest of the body

peripheral nervous system

transmits signals between the brain and body and controls reflexes

spinal cord

maintain homeostasis, smart control coordinating center

hyppothalamus

directing most sensory information from the body to the cerebral cortex, while also helping control consciousness, sleep, and alertness, and integrating motor signals.

thalamus

vital control center and communication hub, managing automatic functions like breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and sleep while also relaying motor and sensory signals between the brain and body

brain stem

coordinates movement, balance, and posture

cerebellum

thought, memory, voluntary movement, language, reasoning, emotions, and sensory processing (touch, vision, hearing)

cerebrum

primary motor cortex location

precentral gyrus

primary motor cortex - function

speech comprehension and sentence structure