IPC FREEDOM
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88 Terms
Distance
How far an object has moved.
Displacement
The distance and direction of an object’s change in position from the starting point.
Speed
The distance an object travels per unit of time.
Average Speed
The total distance traveled divided by the total time of travel.
Instantaneous speed
The speed at a given point in time.
Velocity
Includes the speed of an object and the direction of its motion.
Acceleration
The rate of change of velocity.
Momentum
The product of an object’s mass and velocity.
Centripetal acceleration
The acceleration toward the center of a curved or circular path.
Mass
The property of matter that momentum is related to.
Speed, direction, OR both
What a change in acceleration also means a change in.
Speed and direction
Why people mistakenly state that velocity and speed are the same thing.
Friction
The force that opposes the sliding motion of two surfaces that are touching each other.
Air resistance
The force that opposes the motion of objects that move through the air.
Weight
What of an object is different on every planet in the solar system.
Weight
The gravitational force exerted on an object.
Net force
The sum of all the forces acting on an object.
Newton’s 2nd Law
The law that relates the net force exerted on an object to its mass and acceleration.
Balanced forces
The forces of an object with a net force of zero.
Inertia
The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion.
Balanced forces
What is shown when students in a tug-of-war are pulling with equal force.
Newton’s 2nd Law
What law is shown when Sally rolls a heavy bowling ball and a light tennis ball.
Newton’s 1st Law
What law is illustrated when Jasmine kicks a soccer ball and it stops.
Newton’s 3rd Law
The law explained when NASA engineers point a rocket directly upwards before launching.
Newton’s 1st law
The law that explains Kyle moving forward in a car collision while his seat belt keeps him safe.
Newton’s 1st Law
Which of Newton’s Laws is also known as the Law Of Inertia?
Newton’s 3rd Law
Which of Newton's laws is also known as the Law of Action/Reaction?
Mass & Distance
What two factors affect the gravitational attraction between 2 objects?
Static, Rolling, sliding
What are the types of friction?
True
If an object has more mass and equal forces are applied, it will accelerate at a lower rate.
False
Inertia is directly proportional to the amount of mass an object has.
False
Your mass will change from your location on Earth to your location on the moon.
Energy
The ability to do work.
Joules
The unit energy is measured in.
Kinetic energy
The energy associated with motion.
mechanical energy → thermal energy
What friction converts when you rub your hands together.
chemical potential energy
The type of energy stored by fossil fuels.
Stored
What potential energy is.
gravitational potential energy
Potential energy that depends on height.
Add its kinetic & potential energies
How to calculate an object’s mechanical energy.
The object must move some distance as a result of a force
What must be done for work to be done on an object.
Change the amount of force you exert or the distance over which you exert the force
What machines do.
Fulcrum
The fixed point that a lever pivots around.
Gravitational potential energy
The kind of energy equal to the work done to lift a book on a shelf.
Output force
The kind of force exerted by a machine.
Law of conservation of energy
The law that states energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Transfer of energy from one object to another
What work is.
kinetic energy & potential energy
The kinds of energy a pendulum transforms between.
Joules
What a newton-meter measure of work is also known as.
Input force
The kind of force applied to a machine.
Screw
The simple machine a jar lid is an example of.
Through direct contact between objects
How conduction transfers heat.
Radiation
The type of thermal transfer when you feel warmth from the sun.
Conduction
What heat is transferred through when you touch a metal spoon in hot soup.
By the movement of fluids
How convection transfers heat.
Radiation
The type of thermal transfer you feel sitting close to a campfire.
It prevents conduction of heat
Why it's a good idea to wear a hat in cold weather.
Convection
The method of thermal transfer responsible for the circulation of warm air rising.
Conduction
The type of thermal transfer between your hands and a cup of hot cocoa.
Watt
The rate of heat transfer unit.
Radiation
The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.
Copper
A good thermal conductor.
Heating a room using a radiator
An example of convection as a method of heat transfer.
Styrofoam
An example of a good insulator.
Plastic
The best material for making a pot handle that won’t get too hot.
Absolute zero
The lowest possible temperature at which particles theoretically stop moving.
They vibrate faster
What happens to particles in a substance when heated.
To prevent heat transfer
The primary function of an insulator concerning heat.
Boiling water
An example of a process that absorbs heat.
They have thermal conductivity
Why metals typically make good conductors of heat.
Thickness and material conductivity
What affects the rate of heat transfer through a material.
Heat moves from the cup to the atmosphere
What happens when a hot cup of tea cools.
Solid
The phase of matter that exists at the coldest temperature.
Temperature
The object's average kinetic energy.
Friction
The force that almost always produces thermal energy.
Radiation
How thermal energy from the Sun is transferred to the Earth.
Convection currents in the mantle of the Earth
What causes a large tectonic plate on the Earth's surface.
℃ and equal to 0K
What absolute zero is in Celsius and Kelvin.
Hot to cold
How heat moves.
Friction
The force that produces thermal energy.
Liquid
The state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape.
Solid
The state of matter that has a definite shape and volume.
Gas
The state of matter with no definite shape or volume, where atoms move quickly with increased temperatures.
Plasma
The state of matter with high-energy subatomic particles moving extremely fast.
Convection
The movement of thermal energy through fluids.
Increases
What happens to kinetic energy as temperature increases.
Radiation
The transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves.
Conduction
The natural movement of heat from high to low temperatures.