A&P - Block 3 Structure List

3 structural classifications

1. multipolar
2. bipolar
3. pseudounipolar

3 functional classifications

1. sensory/afferent
2. integration/interneuron
3. motor/efferent

sensory/afferent

bring sensory info to CNS
- special senses (tast, smell, sight)
- somatic (pain, pressure, temperature, proprioception)

motor/efferent

outgoing info to effector tissues
- somatic (skl. muscle)
- autonomic (sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric)

interneuron

processing information and making decisions in the CNS

neuroglia

supporting cells of the nervous system

4 neuroglia in CNS

1. Astrocyte
2. Microglia
3. Oligodendrocyte
4. Ependymal cell

2 neuroglia in PNS

1. Schwann cells
2. Satellite cells

Astrocyte

- help form blood brain barrier, regulate ion concentrations

Microglia

- get rid of debris and microbes/waste

Ependymal cells

- create and secrete CSF
- simple ciliated cuboidal cells that lines CNS

Oligodendrocyte

insulate/myelinate neurons of the CNS

Schwann cells

insulate/myelinate neurons of the PNS

Satellite cells

- provides structural support
- regulates fluid movement and exchange between nerve and external environment

gray matter

- mainly neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and unmeylinated axons
- on the inside of spinal cord and outside of brain
- function: receive info and regulate outgoing information

white matter

- mainly myelinated axons of many neurons
- it is on the outside of spinal cord and inside of brain
- function: transmit signals to other regions of the brain

ganglion

dura mater

- superficial layer
- dense irregular CT

arachnoid mater

- middle layer
- collagen and elastic fibers

pia mater

- simple squamous epithelial tissue
- deepest layer

microtubule track

- provide protein pathway to physically transport vesicles to axon terminals
- cytoskeleton

cerebrum

- cerebral cortex: outer gray matter
- has deep nuclei (clusters of cell bodies in CNS)
- 4 lobes

corpus callosum

- bridge b/w hemispheres
- white matter (myelinated axons)

gyrus/gyri

ridges/protrusions of the brain

sulcus/sulci

valleys/depressions of the brain

central sulcus

lateral sulcus

parieto-occipital class

frontal lobe

motor function and houses primary motor cortex

parietal lobe

somatosensory function and houses somatosensory cortex

temporal lobe

auditory and olfactory (smell) information processing

occipital lobe

vision houses primary visual cortex

insula

receives impulses for taste and is involved in gustatory perception and taste discrimination

diencephalon

1. thalamus
2. hypothalamus
3. pineal gland

thalamus

relays almost all sensory info to cerebrum

hypothalamus

endocrine gland/function, controls hunger, thirst, & temp.

pineal gland

makes/secretes melatonin, helps regulate sleep

pituitary gland

endocrine gland, helps regulate growth and metabolism

cerebrospinal fluid

- clear
- circulates cavities and around brain and spinal cord
- shock absorption, regulation of ions, get rid of waste

flow of CSF

lateral ventricle, 3rd ventricle, cerebral aqueduct of midbrain, 4th ventricle, subarachnoid space OR central canal and reabsorbed into venous circulation

brainstem

1. midbrain
2. pons
3. medulla oblongata

midbrain

coordinate movement of head/neck/trunk after visual/auditory stimulus

pons

relay motor info to cerebrum

medulla oblongata

cardiovascular and respiratory control center

cerebellum

coordinate movement, regulate balance and posture

spinal cord

starts at foramen magnum to L2

regions of spinal cord

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral,

lateral horn