Biology review pages 21-27

What is asexual reproduction

You only need one parent and quickly provides large numbers of offspring but they are genetically identical (colones)

What is sexual reproduction

You need two parents you get different genetic variations takes longer and you need to find a mate gametes must be used

Haploid + Haploid

Make a diploid

N+N

2N

Egg+ Sperm

zygote

When do gametes combine and why do they combine

During fertilization to restore the normal # of chromosomes

When does the zygote grow

During mitiosis

Which organism use cell division to re produce

Most single celled organisms and some simple multi celled organisms

How do multicellular organisms use mitosis

They use it for growth and repair or damaged tissue

True or false the # and types of chromosomes in the daughter cells are the same as in the parent cell

True

What are the two major parts of the cell cycle

Interphase and cell division

What is interphase in the cell cycle

It’s when the cell grows, functions, and copies its DNA

What is cell division in the cell cycle

It includes mitosis ( equally divides the chromosomes) and cytokinesis( equally divides cytoplasm)

What is cancer

Uncontrolled cell division

How is cancer caused

It’s caused by mutations a in genes that control the cell cycle

Malignant tumor

Cancer cells can exit tumor, enter the blood, and spread to other parts of your body

What is carcinogens

It’s a cancer causing substances

What’s a benign tumor

NOTT cancerous

Gametes are what type of cell

Sex cells

How many times does one cell divide during meiosis

Twice producing 4 different haploid (n) cells

Haploid means

A cell with half the normal number of chromosomes (n/ no pairs)

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis

Meiosis ends up with 4 daughter cells while mitosis ends up with 2 daughter cells so mitosis is halved at the end of meiosis

Separated chromosomes pair so offspring get what

One chromosomes of each pair form each parent

How many chromosomes do you have

46 and 23 pairs

How many homologous pairs and sex chromosomes do you have

22 homologous pairs and 1 sex chromo

Which chromosomes carry genes for the same trait

Homologous pairs, THEY ARE NOT IDENTICAL

What are alleles

They are the option for the gene/ trait

Organisms have how many alleles for each gene

Two, one from each parent

What is homozygous and heterozygous

Homo ( pure-bred) hetero ( hybrid)

Dominant/ recessive

Dominant allies are shown over recessive alleles

Incomplete dominance

Neither allele is dominant. Neither alleles appear

Codominance

Both are dominant and both apper

Multiple Alex’s

Three or more choices for alleles are found in population

Sex linked

Allleles are found on the X chromosome

Polygenic

Two or more genes

XX

Female

XY

Male

Which is smaller X or Y

Y

What does a karyotype show

All 23 pairs of human chromosomes the 23 pair identifies as a male

What is non disjunction

It’s when chromosomes don’t separate correctly during meiosis and gametes are formed

Trisomy

One extra chromo

Monopsony

Missing a chromo