immunology exam 1

list the 2 major arms of immune system

• innate immunity

• adaptive immunity

3 differences b/t innate + adaptive immunity

• timing

• specificity

• memory

how do barriers contribute to defense against pathogens? give 2 examples

3 soluble components of innate immune system

3 cellular groups of innate immune system

describe the 2 major divisions of the adaptive immune system

Where do antibodies come from? Name of cell that secretes antibodies? List the different isotypes of antibodies

List the diff. types of T lymphocytes + desc. how they contribute to a cell-mediated immune response

Define antigen + use it in a sentence

Define immunogen + use it in a sentence

Define antibody + use it in a sentence

Define antibiotic + use it in a sentence

Define cytokine + use it in a sentence

Define complement + use it in a sentence

Basophil origin, site of maturation, general structure + fxn, relative %, relative circulation time?

Eosinophil origin, site of maturation, general structure + fxn, relative %, relative circulation time?

Monocyte origin, site of maturation, general structure + fxn, relative %, relative circulation time?

Neutrophil origin, site of maturation, general structure + fxn, relative %, relative circulation time?

Lymphocyte origin, site of maturation, general structure + fxn, relative %, relative circulation time?

What is an endothelial cell + role it plays in the immune response?

List primary + secondary lymphoid tissues and basic diff. in purpose/fxn

List 3 locations where lymphocytes are found in the body

How does a B cell recognize an antigen?

Describe how an alpha-beta T cell recognizes an antigen

Describe how a CD4+ T helper cell binds to their antigen

Describe how a CD8+ CTL binds to their antigen

Leukocyte vs. lymphocyte vs. granulocyte vs. mononuclear blood cell

define complement + types + where they are made

complement fixation

complement cascade

complement activation

3 ways complement cascade is initiated + molecules responsible for initiation

Under normal circumstances, complement fixation by the classical pathway is not occurring in the bloodstream even though antibody + complement components are circulating together. Explain

List classes of antibody that can fix complement + why IgM is most efficient

What is membrane attack complex (MAC) + role in defense against microbes?

How is complement regulated + consequence if unregulated?

2 ways complement can be inactivated in a blood sample?

List 3 surface receptors on a neutrophil + explain their importance

Describe margination pool + how that influences neutrophil counts in blood samples from animals that are stressed

Define selectin + integrin + diapedesis + chemotaxis and describe the steps of a neutrophil going from bloodstream to site of infection

Why do animals w/ leukocyte adhesion deficiency die from overwhelming bac. infxns despite having neutrophilia?

• leukocyte adhesion deficiency = defective integrin

Define opsonize + what does it look like?

Define phagocytosis + what does it look like?

Define phagosome + what does it look like?

Define phagolysosome + what does it look like?

3 killing mechanisms of neutrophils

List 4 products of the oxidative burst that results in dmg to bac

Define defensins + their fxn + location. What molecules have a sim. fxn?

5 cardinal signs of acute inflammation + changes that occur to cause the sign

Describe how neutrophil fxn can be decreased + give an example of when you might want to dec. neutrophil fxn. When might you want to dec. neutrophil fxn? Example of common consequence of dec. neutrophil fxn?

most common types of clinical conditions that stim. an eosinophil response

describe how an eosinnophil (innate) interacts w/ antibody (adaptive)

macrophage vs. neutrophil origin, lifespan in tissues, location, fxn, killing mechanisms, type of inflammation, type of lesion prod. w/ accumulation in tissues

3 central roles the macrophage plays in the immune system

Osteoclast location + fxn

Kupffer cell location + fxn

Serosal macrophage location + fxn

Microglia cell location + fxn

Mesangial cell location + fxn

Pulmonary alveolar macrophage (PAM) location + fxn

Pulmonary intravascular macrophage (PIM) location + fxn

histiocyte location + fxn